Frederic Creswell
Frederic Hugh Page Creswell (born November 13, 1866 in Gibraltar , † August 25, 1948 in Kuils River, Cape Town , Cape Province ) was a South African politician who was a minister in the Union of South Africa several times .
Life
front row from left to right:
Frederic Creswell , Daniel François Malan , James Barry Munnick Hertzog , Nicolaas Havenga and Pieter Gert Wessel Grobler
back row from left to right:
Oswald Pirow , Jan Kemp , Adriaan Paulus Johannes Fourie , Ernest George Jansen , Henry William Sampson and Charles Wynand Malan
Frederic Hugh Page Creswell, son of Edmund Creswell and his Mary MW Fraser, attended the Bruce Castle School and the Derby School . He then completed a degree at the Royal School of Mines and then worked as a mining engineer. After the establishment of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910 by the union of four British colonies Cape Colony , Natal , the Orange River Colony and the Transvaal Colony , he was among the founders of the South African Labor Party SALP ( Arbeiders Party ) and served 1910-1933 as its Chairman . At the same time he was elected a member of the People's Assembly (Volksraad van Suid-Afrika) in the first elections on September 15, 1910 and was a member of this until 1938.
After Barry Hertzog Prime Minister on June 30, 1924 , Creswell became Minister of Defense (Minister van Verdediging) in his first cabinet and held this ministerial office between June 14, 1929 and May 17, 1933 in Hertzog II's cabinet . At the same time he acted for the first time as Minister of Labor (Minister van Arbeid) from 1924 to 1925 . In 1924, the Industrial Conciliation Act restricted the cooperation of potential collective bargaining partners. This law created so-called Industrial Councils to prevent the previous clashes between workers' commandos and the military. These industrial councils worked in a similar way to collective bargaining commissions and had decision-making powers, which, however, had to be confirmed in detail by the labor minister. On the part of the workers, only people with the status defined by law as employees could participate. Black employees, however, were excluded from this and were therefore not considered eligible for collective bargaining. The government of the alliance elected in 1924 between the National Party and the South African Labor Party under the joint Prime Minister Hertzog developed a Civilized Labor Policy , according to which all public employers only had to hire white workers. According to this, thousands of black workers lost their jobs in the state railway sector, for example. The then Social Democratic Labor Minister Creswell defined " uncivilized work" as an activity of persons who limit themselves to a lifestyle with only the bare minimum of obligations, as is common among "barbaric and undeveloped people".
A government crisis broke out in 1928 after the Minister of Post, Telegraph and Public Works, Walter Madeley , who belonged to the Labor Party, received a delegation from the Union of Industrial and Trade Workers, an unrecognized union that had black members and against the express will of Prime Minister Hertzog criticized the working conditions of the black members. Hertzog then dismissed Madeley as minister after the latter had refused to resign. This led to a split within the Labor Party, whose leader Frederic Creswell supported Hertzog and stayed in government, while Madeley's faction went into opposition and formed the National Labor Council . In Hertzog's second cabinet, Creswell was again Minister of Labor between 1929 and 1933. The split in the Labor Party lasted until the elections of 1933, when the faction around Creswell dissolved the coalition with Hertozg's National Party and left the government. Madeley then succeeded Creswell as leader of the Labor Party.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ South Africa: Finance Ministers in Rulers
- ↑ Peter Ripken, Gottfried Wellmer (Ed.) Et al .: Migrant work in Southern Africa . issa - Wissenschaftliche Reihe 5, Bonn 1976 pp. 16-17, 19, 166, ISBN 3-921614-30-9
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Creswell, Frederic |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Creswell, Frederic Hugh Page (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | South African politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 13, 1866 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gibraltar |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 25, 1948 |
| Place of death | Cape Town , Cape Province |