Peace and Friendship Treaty of Algiers
The peace and friendship treaty of Algiers between the USA and the Regency of Algiers , which was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire at that time , was signed on September 5, 1795 .
history
In 1783 the new and in comparison to Europe modest seafaring nation USA began to let ships sail under its own flag. On July 25, 1785, the first ship sailing under this new flag was captured by Algerian ships off Algeria . The ship comes from Boston , sailed under Captain Isaak Stevens and was called Maria . Later, Captain O'Brien's ship Dauphin was boarded from Philadelphia . Another eleven ships were boarded between October and November 1793. On March 27, 1794, the American Congress pledged US $ 700,000 to President George Washington to build six frigates against the Algerian pirates. Because of this threat to shipping, the foundation stone of the US Navy was laid.
meaning
On September 5, the United States accepted a treaty with the Algiers reign. Accordingly, in return for the extradition of its hostages in Algeria and for free travel under the US flag in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean , the USA should pay a one-off 642,000 gold pieces and continue to pay 12,000 Ottoman gold pieces (21,600 US dollars ) annually. The treaty was written in Turkish , had 22 articles and was signed by the ruler of Algiers Hasan (III) Pasha Dey and a US deputy, Joseph Donaldson Junior.
Article 11
Article 11, which states that the USA is not a Christian nation , plays a special role in the treaty . In the political conflict between secular and Christian fundamentalists in the USA, this article is used by the representatives of secularism.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ These were the USS Constitution , USS United States , USS President , USS Constellation , USS Congress and USS Chesapeake .
- ↑ Varsitytutors
- ^ The Guardian
literature
- Frank E. Ross: The Mission of Joseph Donaldson, jr., To Algiers, 1795-97 . In: The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Dec., 1935), ed. v. The University of Chicago Press. Pp. 422-433.