Cemetery Pankow XII
The Pankow XII cemetery is an urban burial place in the Berlin district of Buch . The forest cemetery is located along Schwanebecker Chaussee ; to the east and south it borders on the neighboring community of Schwanebeck and to the west on the clinic premises. It has a total area of 143,000 m². Due to the historical development of the city, Berlin cemeteries are numerous and spread over the city area.
history
The Buch cemetery was laid out as a burial place for the hospitals. The hospitals established by Ludwig Hoffmann (1852–1932) in Buch, for mentally and physically permanently damaged people with limited life expectancy, required additional burial space due to the increased mortality. Especially since the existing cemetery of the Buch parish at the castle church was already very cramped. In 1902, the initially separate administrations of the Buch hospitals agreed on a common burial site, which was decided in 1903 by the city council.
The institution cemetery was created , and its use began on May 27, 1908. Here the poor were buried at the expense of the welfare offices of the time, welfare burials. In 1912 the city of Berlin took over the administration, although it was outside the city limits, the Buch establishments were mainly used for Berlin. With the formation of Greater Berlin, it was named "Städtischer Friedhof XII, Bln-Pankow".
During the First World War , 183 dead people from the Buch hospitals, which were used as a military hospital, found their resting place here. During the Second World War, the deceased of German and other nationalities found their final resting place.
The original half-timbered celebration hall was badly damaged during the fighting during World War II. It was repaired but burned down on October 29, 1949. In January 1954 the new celebration hall was inaugurated. A few years after the war it was purposeful and outwardly cautious. The interior, on the other hand, is effective and corresponds to the solemn purpose.
The need for cemetery space in Berlin is falling and the need as an institutional cemetery for "social burials" no longer exists. That is why it was decided in May 2008 to partially close the areas in the back of the unused part, which are not affected by piety. As a result, the areas do not have a blocking period as there are for burial areas and will be converted to “short-term use as grass areas”. The area of the cemetery is reduced by 5.75 hectares to 137,250 square meters.
Cemetery XI
Pankow's smallest cemetery is located in Buch on the other side of the S-Bahn line, two kilometers from Cemetery XII. This avenue district cemetery has an area of 4356 m² and is characterized by old, dense trees. The cemetery has been closed since 1985. It is located on the city limits of Panketal OT Schwanebeck along the Viereckweg, at the corner of Röbellweg (coordinates: 52 ° 38 ′ 50 ″ N , 13 ° 30 ′ 27 ″ E ).
At the end of the 19th century, the Buch colony was established west of the railway line. The cemetery at the castle church was fully booked for the long-time residents, as these Buch citizens had a guaranteed right to burial. The institutional cemetery (today Pankow XII) was still under discussion. In 1902 the establishment of the new (colony) cemetery became necessary. He received a celebration hall, the contemporary taste, as in other Pankow cemeteries, in the neo-Gothic style. The dilapidated celebration hall was demolished in the 1980s when the cemetery was closed.
The cemetery was closed in 1985 and will continue until the period of use of all grave sites has expired, which will be the case in 2011. Subsequently, a grace period of ten years is required as a cemetery. For further use from 2022, the district is planning to use it as a park. In the 2010s, it is a fenced green and tree area that lacks the gate.
Honor grove for war victims
At the end of the main axis of the cemetery in the field of vision of the entrance there is a large wooden cross as a symbol of remembrance.
In the entrance area of the cemetery are the honor groves for victims of war and tyranny on the left. Between rows of ivy, victims of the Second World War are honored: deceased members of the military, hospital deaths (from the Buch hospitals until 1946), forced laborers, civilian bomb victims, air force helpers. The names (as far as they were known) and the dates of life are embedded in inclined ceramic plates, which lie at ground level in a cast concrete ring. The honor grove for victims of the First World War 1914–1918, which lies deeper in the area on the main axis, has the same equipment of the graves. The citizens of Buch and the deceased from the Buch hospitals rest here. The individual grave plates are embedded on both sides of the path that leads to the memorial.
Both honor groves were reorganized in the 1980s and are now subject to the provisions of the War Graves Act of the State of Berlin. The state of Berlin commits itself to the care of the graves of victims of the world wars, an amount is granted annually from state funds.
Tree burial
The rare trees in this cemetery are remarkable. On the main avenue behind the celebration hall, a field with suitable, individual trees was selected and planted with ivy rings. Tree burials are possible on this facility , a type of burial that is increasingly in demand. Inside the ivy ring, urns are buried in the root area of the trees. In two different fields, individual burials of several urns on one tree, on the one hand, and family burials on the common tree on the other, are possible. In this contemporary form of burial, the ashes are buried in an ecological, i.e. rapidly degradable, ash capsule and possibly such an urn.
In this way, a nature-loving world of ideas of the 21st century is implemented, according to which the deceased gains in life by being absorbed through the roots of the tree. This type of burial also meets the general trend towards low-maintenance graves.
Notable tombs
There are two war cemeteries at Cemetery XII for a total of 1579 victims of war and tyranny, which were redesigned in the 1980s. These systems are subject to permanent storage and maintenance by the state of Berlin. The victims of the First World War are at the end of the main path that leads directly from the entrance to the memorial cross. At the end of the path, the grave slabs of the individual graves are set in a row of lawns on the right and left. The grove of honor for the victims of World War II is located near the entrance to the left of the main path on a triangular area. Each grave is provided with a slanted majolica plate on the name, date of birth and death, as well as the war years as a relief.
Also noteworthy are some private burials from 1945 to the right of the main path near the entrance. Here there are still tombstones and slabs set at ground level, which mark the gravesites of civilian dead.
The grave of the in-laws of the military musician Gustav Sabac el Cher , whose own grave is in the Senzig forest cemetery, is located in the neighboring cemetery XI . From 1895 he was the Prussian military bandmaster in Königsberg, later in this role in Berlin. His father August was employed by Prince Albrecht as a lackey on a trip to Egypt in 1843 and then stayed. At that time, Gustav was an attraction for Prussian military music because of his dark skin. His wife's parents, Anna and Oskar Perling, rest in Department 2, Row 3, No. 1/2.
literature
- Klaus Hammer: Berlin cemetery guide . Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89773-081-2
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map of Berlin 1: 5000: Location of the Pankow XII cemetery
- ↑ Map of Berlin 1: 5000: Location of the Pankow XI cemetery
- ↑ oA: tree burials. BA, Berlin 2008.
Coordinates: 52 ° 37 ′ 50.4 " N , 13 ° 30 ′ 55.4" E