Friedrich Gramm

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Friedrich Gramm (baptized on September 9, 1667 in Kiel ; † January 19, 1710 on Helgoland ) was a German Evangelical Lutheran theologian .

Live and act

Friedrich Gramm was a son of the naturalist Caeso Gramm and his wife Dorothea Christina Jessen. He had three sisters. He started studying theology and philosophy in 1683 and completed his master's degree in 1694 . He made known diatribes in which he criticized his teachers, including in particular Christoph Franck and Heinrich Opitz . After he accused Franck, with regard to the doctrine of the eternity of God Socinians to be, he fell so in Kiel in custody. Gramm escaped to Copenhagen , probably with the help of his sister .

An executioner in Kiel ordered the burning of Gramm's works in 1697. In exile in Copenhagen, Gramm was banned from lecturing and was not allowed to distribute the texts criticizing Franck, which he did not adhere to. During the forbidden publication of his writings, he falsely claimed that Copenhagen theologians had checked his theses and considered them to be correct, whereupon they clearly contradicted him.

Then Gramm wrote further diatribes, but no one agreed. Because of this, he was arrested again. Since he was unwilling to revoke his theses, he spent four months in prison and then had to leave Denmark. Gramm lived in exile for two years and secretly returned to Kiel in 1701. He was immediately arrested there. In order to make the distribution of further works impossible for him, he was banished to Heligoland on July 27, 1701 until the end of his life, where he died in 1710. At first he stayed with the blacksmith and was even allowed to carry a sword. Due to various excesses , however, he soon deprived himself of all perks and was for a long time in the corps-de-garde , for a few years also locked in the powder tower. An attempt to escape in March 1704 failed him.

literature

  • Karl-Heinz Voigt: Gramm, Friedrich . in: Schleswig-Holstein Biographical Lexicon . Volume 4. Karl Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1976, pp. 75-76

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst von Moeller: The legal history of the island of Helgoland. Weimar: Böhlau 1904, p. 237
personal data
SURNAME Gramm, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theologian
DATE OF BIRTH September 9, 1667
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiel
DATE OF DEATH January 19, 1710
Place of death on Heligoland