Friedrich Jung (musician)

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Friedrich Jung (born July 17, 1897 in Vienna , † March 16, 1975 in Dornbirn , Vorarlberg ) was a musician, conductor, composer and propagandist of National Socialism . His commissioned works in the Third Reich included a B flat major symphony dedicated to the Nazi functionary Robert Ley (premiered June 8, 1942) and a monumental parade music for the planned but canceled Nazi party rally of 1939, with 500 fanfare players and 2,000 musicians should accompany a 6000-strong choir .

Life

Jung studied from 1915 to 1917 at the Vienna Music Academy with Eusebius Mandyczewski, Camillo Horn and Kurt Striegler Horn , piano , music theory and composition . After the First World War , he went to the Concertgebouw Orkest in Amsterdam as a horn player in 1919 , moved to the Bayreuth Festival as solo répétiteur and conductor of incidental music in 1924, worked as Kapellmeister in Lübeck, Weimar and Berlin from 1925 to 1928 and took over from 1928 to 1931 Position of choir director at the Bavarian State Theater in Munich . In 1932 Jung wrote the music for several films, including the experimental animation strip Pitsch and Patsch , for which the accompanying noises were "scratched" directly onto the soundtrack. Jung used the twelve-step tone system for the acoustically avant-garde production, but only used one tone color consisting of the fundamental tone and the first overtone, the "dynamic design" was limited to "loud and quiet".

From 1934 he taught at the Berlin State Academic University of Music, where he gave conducting courses, and at the same time (from December 15, 1933 to October 30, 1939) headed the Berlin Liedertafel. Jung made a letter to Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels in early 1935 to succeed Wilhelm Furtwängler as chief conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic , an opportunity that did not open up because Furtwängler, who had resigned at the beginning of December 1934, resumed his activities in April 1935 was allowed to record. In order no. 37/39 of the German Labor Front (DAF) , Jung was personally commissioned by Reich Organization Leader Robert Ley to “compose, orchestrate and rehearse all the music” for the appeal of the political leaders at the NSDAP party congress in 1939 in Nuremberg Reichsparteitag to direct the work as main conductor himself and to personally take all artistic preparations into hand ”. According to his own statement, the self-proclaimed “art and music lover” Ley particularly valued the fact that the composer observed “the formal laws of absolute music”. The NSDAP member Jung became Ley's “personal advisor” in “all musical matters” and “full-time” the “musical designer of all the political leaders' celebrations”. A “Nazi cantata” in thirteen parts was planned for Nuremberg, which would take about half an hour to play. The sentences had titles such as “Music for the dome of light”, “When the flags and standards” and “We walk through our time as ploughters”.

Because of the outbreak of war, the party congress was canceled and the premiere did not take place, parts of the score for a 6000 to 7000-strong choir, which should come from "Gaue und Ordensburgen", and an orchestra with several thousand instrumentalists are under the note of a ceremony for roll call the Political Director, Nuremberg Rally 1939, however, preserved in the Federal Archives in Berlin. On June 8, 1942, the National Socialist Reich Symphony Orchestra (NSRSO) premiered its B flat major symphony in Munich under the “devoted, encouraging direction of the composer”. The almost one-hour work, which has been preserved in the German Broadcasting Archive and quotes the Horst-Wessel-Lied , glorifies the “fighting time” of the NSDAP in the Weimar Republic and bears the four programmatic sentence names “1918 Germany - Heroes' Remembrance - Dance of Death - Germany 1933”. The Nazi critic wrote: “With the colorful means of expression of the neo-romantic orchestral language, the composer undertook to shape the inner experience of German people between 1918 and 1933 in this work. In terms of form, Jung's music is kept within the limits of absolute music. "

Towards the end of the Second World War, Jung took over the Lower Austrian State Symphony Orchestra as "Musical Headmaster" in 1944/45 and finally, from 1950 to 1963, the city music school and the city orchestra in Dornbirn, for which he wrote numerous music for local celebrations. Jung composed around 400 works. His symphonies have been performed in Amsterdam, Berlin, Bayreuth, Munich and Vienna. He wrote chamber music for string instruments and wind ensemble as well as choirs, created music and text books for the operas Rembrandt van Ryn , Don Quichotte and Lazarus . As a frequent holiday guest in the Vorarlberg community of Schnifis , the musician created occasional works such as Greetings to Schnifis , St. Hubertus Hunting Fantasy and Night Folk .

Works (selection)

Film music:

  • Cruiser Emden (1932)
  • Prince Seppl (1932)
  • Pitsch and Patsch (animated film, 1932)
  • The Two from the South Express (1932)
  • The Sinful Court (1933)

Incidental music:

Symphonic and musical theater works:

  • Symphony in B flat major (premiered in Munich 1942)
  • Japanese Spring (Suite for soprano and orchestra in four movements based on poems from Japanese poetry)
  • Rembrandt van Ryn (unpublished opera)
  • Don Quixote (unpublished opera)
  • Lazarus (unpublished opera)

literature

  • Misha Aster: The Reich's Orchestra: The Berlin Philharmonic 1933–1945 , London 2011
  • Robert Ley: The big hour: The German people in total war effort - speeches and essays from the years 1941-1943 , Munich 1943
  • Fred K. Prieberg: Music in the Nazi State , Diersheim (self-published) 1981
  • Habakuk Traber: Voices of the Big City: Choirs between Art, Sociability and Politics , Berlin (Parthas) 2001

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Deutsche Welle, exhibition "Hitler.Macht.Oper" opened in Nuremberg on June 14, 2018 [1] accessed on November 14, 2018
  2. ↑ Ralph Kogelheide: Beyond a series of 'sounding points': Compositional examination of sound recordings 1900 to 1930 , Hamburg 2017, p. 96
  3. ↑ Former choir directors of the Berliner Liedertafel [2] accessed on November 14, 2018
  4. ↑ Misha Aster: The Reich's Orchestra: The Berlin Philharmonic 1933-1945 , London 2011, unpag.E-Book
  5. ↑ Habakuk Traber: Voices of the Big City: Choirs between Art, Sociability and Politics , Berlin (Parthas) 2001, p. 167
  6. ↑ Robert Ley: The great hour: The German people in total war effort - speeches and essays from the years 1941-1943 , Munich 1943, p. 268
  7. ^ Rainer Sieb: The access of the NSDAP to the music. On the development of organizational structures for music work in the divisions of the party , dissertation Osnabrück 2007, p. 111
  8. ^ Neue Zeitschrift für Musik , Volume 109, p. 306
  9. ↑ Archive number 61 U 1024
  10. ^ Neue Zeitschrift für Musik , Volume 109, p. 306
  11. ↑ Homepage of the Schnifis community, Christmas concert as a prelude to the anniversary year [3], accessed on November 14, 2018
personal data
SURNAME Jung, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Musician, conductor, composer and propagandist of the National Socialism
DATE OF BIRTH July 17, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH March 16, 1975
Place of death Dornbirn , Vorarlberg