Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
 |
| Example of an FRBR tree: |
Group 1 entities
Group 2 entities
Group 3 entities
|
The Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR; German ' Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ') are the most important theoretical basis for the creation of library rules today . The FRBR go back to a study of the same name published in 1998 and updated in 2008 by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and currently form the basis for the Resource Description and Access (RDA) set of rules that is already in use .
FRBR is a data model for bibliographic metadata . The FRBR ontology is based on the entity relationship model and defines a number of basic concepts for cataloging .
While conventional sets of rules concentrate primarily on details and essential concepts such as “work”, “edition” and “copy” are assumed as given, FRBR tries to define precisely these terms and to relate them to one another.
Entities, their characteristics and their relationships to one another
The core of the seven-chapter long study are the so-called entities, which are treated in chapter three. The four most important of the ten entities are the works (such as the novel The Sorrows of Young Werther ), the Expressions (such as the translation of the work The Sorrows of Young Werther by Pierre Leroux), and manifestations (such as the 1841 edition of this translation published in Paris von Leroux) and copies ( e.g. the copy of this edition with the call number Yv 7991/1 in the Berlin State Library). Chapter four deals with the characteristics that entities can have and chapter five with the relationships that can exist between entities. In the first two chapters the history, the goals and the contents of the study are presented, chapter six deals with the respective importance of the entities, their characteristics and relationships and chapter seven with the minimum requirements for bibliographic records. The most important terms in FRBR are:
- Entities ( entities )
- Group 1
- Work ( work )
- Expression ( expression )
- Manifestation ( manifestation )
- Copy ( item )
- Group 2
- Person ( person )
- Corporation ( corporate body )
- Group 3
- Concept ( concept )
- Object ( object )
- Event ( event )
- Place ( place )
- Group 1
- Relationships ( relationships )
- Characteristics ( attributes )
The ten entities
Group 1
The four entities of Group 1 are a result of human activity. Young Werther's sufferings, for example, are a creation of Goethe .
Group 2
The two entities in Group 2 are the persons and corporations who have produced and distributed the entities in Group 1 (e.g. publishers) or are responsible for their copyright protection.
Group 3
The four entities in Group 3 are the entities that can be the subject of a work. A work can be about Vienna , for example , but also about the term differential equation , the Second World War or the subject of lightbulbs .
Characteristics of entities
Each entity has different characteristics. So was The Sorrows of Young Werther written at a certain time and comes every manifestation a certain publication and a publication year.
Relationships between entities
Various relationships exist between the entities. The entity Goethe wrote the entity The Sorrows of Young Werther and the entity Book with the shelf mark Yv 7991/1 in the Berlin State Library is a copy of the entity The Sorrows of Young Werther .
Entity-Relationship and Object-oriented
FRBR is an object-relationship model and is accordingly sometimes referred to as "FRBR ER ". It will be further developed in connection with another model, the Conceptual Reference Model (ISO 21127: 2006). This model was developed by CIDOC , one of the 30 international committees of the International Council of Museums (ICOM). The mutual adaptation of the FRBR and the CIDOC CRM results in the FRBRoo , a model with a greater codification of temporal entities and relationships.
Objective / practical significance
The aim in developing the FRBR concept was to be able to better respond to the needs of the user in the display of catalog data: “The aim of the study was to produce a framework that would provide a […] understanding of what it is [...] that we expect the record to achieve in terms of answering user needs. "( IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records : Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report (PDF; 1.3 MB) p. 2. Retrieved January 9, 2011)
One form of implementation of this requirement could e.g. E.g. in the hit list of a library catalog the results are grouped in relation to the above-mentioned 4 entities of group 1: An entry in the hit list would correspond to a work under which the individual manifestations are then collected, instead of as before as Main entries distributed over the hit list to be displayed. A user could thus see at a glance that / whether a library has different editions of the print edition, a film, an audio book variant, etc. for a work.
history
The FRBR was preceded by the Paris Principles in 1961 and the International Standard Bibliographic Description in 1971 . With the introduction of EDP into the library system, the old catalog types were replaced by electronic ones in the 1980s and so it seemed necessary to create new standards for the development of cataloging rules. In 1990 the “Seminar on Bibliographic Records” conference, organized by “IFLA UBCIM” and the “IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control”, took place in Stockholm . It was decided to carry out an international study on the functional requirements for bibliographic data sets. Just one year later, the IFLA Study Group on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records was set up and sent to it with members of the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloging and the Section on Classification and Indexing. In addition, thirteen consultants from nine countries were employed.
The current FRBR model is originally based on the study of the same name published in 1998 by this “IFLA Study Group on FRBR”. Subsequent to this first edition, the IFLA FRBR Review Group made suggestions for improvement and, in 2006, called for comments from around the world because of problems with the practical implementation of the Expression entity. A revised version was published in 2008/2009, which was translated into German in 2009 and into numerous other languages since then.
The FRBR will continue to be overseen by an IFLA working group. An RDF ontology of the FRBR model, which was developed independently by IFLA, has also existed since 2005 .
literature
- Barbara Tillett: What is FRBR? . Library of Congress Cataloging Distribution Service, 2004 ( PDF ( Memento of January 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), in: Technicalities 25 (5), September / October 2003)
- Functional requirements for bibliographic records: Final report . Saur, Munich, 1998 ISBN 3-598-11382-X ( PDF )
- Functional requirements for bibliographic records. Final report of the IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records . German National Library, February 2009 ( PDF )
Web links
- FRBR Working Group of the Cataloging Section at IFLA
- Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
- Tabular list and explanation of the elements (in: Umlauf, Konrad: Basic course information processing: lecture script, Berlin handouts on library and information science 189)
Individual evidence
- ^ Heidrun Wiesenmüller: FRBR. Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. Vision, theory, practice , presentation in the VÖB commission for subject indexing in Vienna on June 17th, 2010 ( online ).
- ↑ Olivia MA Madison: The Origins of the IFLA Study on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records . In: Patrick Le Boeuf (Ed.): Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Redors (FRBR). Hype or Cure-All? , Haworth Information Press, New York 2005, pp. 15–37, here: p. 19.
- ↑ See the IFLA FRBR Review Group website .
- ↑ purl.org and vocab.org