Functional psychoses

Classification according to ICD-10
F09	Unspecified organic or symptomatic mental disorder, including: Psychosis: organic onA, symptomatic onA
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

Functional psychosis is a collective term for regressive, physically justifiable psychological disorders in which only the function is affected. These are not so-called defect syndromes . The term functional psychosis is intended to emphasize that fundamental functions of the brain that are decisive and essential for undisturbed consciousness are only temporarily disabled . So it is mainly about reversible disturbances of consciousness .

The first person to describe it, Hans Heinrich Wieck , counted the functional psychoses as the transitory syndromes , the clouding of consciousness and the other morbid quantitative disturbances of consciousness . Similar to the conceptual formations of the transitory syndrome and the acute exogenous reaction type , the terminology of the functional psychoses mainly served to distinguish the acute exogenous psychoses from the endogenous psychoses and was therefore a basic term for classical German psychiatry . From a systematic point of view it was significant for the establishment of the triadic system of psychiatry .

Severity of functional psychoses

According to Wieck, the severity of functional psychoses can be determined using psychometric tests. Such a determination of the severity can be carried out with the help of the Böcker test . Symptoms that occur periodically or in phases, such as depression, can, according to Wieck, also be referred to as depressive-tinged transitory syndromes. He rates this as easy to moderate, especially because there is no clouding of consciousness . The severe continuity syndromes are characterized by the clouding of consciousness. Wieck called this differentiation according to the severity of clinical disorders as psychopathometry to differentiate it from other psychometic test methods for determining personality traits such as B. the HAWIE test .

Differentiation from functional syndromes

While functional syndromes include both psychogenic and physically justifiable mental disorders, the group of functional psychoses is limited to physically justifiable disorders. The term somatoform disorder may be used as a synonym .

Questions

Due to the Rosenhan experiment z. The question raised, for example, about the character of hallucinations that are too often and prematurely assessed as pathological could find an explanation in the little-known cerebral functional processes that cause hallucinations. For example, hypnagogic hallucinations or hallucinations during sleep deprivation should be understood as physiologically justifiable symptoms that are caused by a physiologically justifiable periodic reduction in attention or the brightness of consciousness. The evaluation of the predominantly pictorial dream elements as an optical hallucination also plays a role here. - In addition, the author Christoph Türcke has placed the occurrence of hallucinations in the context of the basic psychogenic law . The development of consciousness in the course of human development is connected with the occurrence of hallucinations as a necessary and meaningful development step. The occurrence of hallucinations in dreams can therefore be traced back to a reactivation of archaic stages of development, which occurs regularly and periodically during sleep.

literature

• Hans Heinrich Wieck: functional psychoses . Term and clinical meaning. Med. Welt 18: (1967) 1807-1811.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Uwe Henrik Peters : Dictionary of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich ³ 1984; (a) p. 203 f. - to Wb.-Lemma “Functional Psychosis”; (b) p. 140 f. - to Wb.-Lemma "passage syndrome".
2. ↑ ^{a b} Hans Heinrich Wieck : Depressive tinted passage syndrome . In: Hanns Hippius , Helmut Selbach: The depressive syndrome . International Symposium, Berlin on February 16 and 17, 1968. Urban Schwarzenberg, Berlin, Vienna 1969. pp. 458 f.
3. ↑ Sigmund Freud : The Interpretation of Dreams . In: Collected Works, Vol. II / III, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt / M 1999, ISBN 3-596-50300-0 (cassette); P. 52 f.
4. ↑ Christoph Türcke : Philosophy of Dreams , CH Beck, Munich 2008 ISBN 978-3-406-57637-9 ; P. 29 ff. On head. “Hallucination”.

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