Basic psychogenetic law

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The basic psychogenetic law was described in 1904 by Stanley Hall (1846-1924). He was referring to the biogenetic constitution of Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919). - Both authors try to clarify the individual human development ( ontogenesis ) on the basis of the collective history ( human history ). While Haeckel uses the biological tribal history ( phylogenesis ) for this , Hall refers to ethnology ( ethnology ). Sigmund Freud transfers the principles of individual psychology to group psychology .

Basic biogenetic law

While Ernst Haeckel emphasizes the biological parallels of human development with his theory of the basic biogenetic law , Stanley Hall emphasizes the psychological moments to be followed in the history of mankind . Ernst Haeckel's basic rule was: Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.

Basic psychogenetic law

Hall's basic psychogenetic law corresponds to Haeckel's basic biogenetic law and also wants to express a connection between psychogenesis and phylogenesis according to the motto: "The physical and psychological intrauterine and postpartum childhood development repeats the history of the evolutionary development of humans and animals". It can also ethnological find parallels.

Examples

  • A magical prehistoric animal image that obviously expresses symbolic ideas.

  • Children's drawings suggest schematic representations of pictures from prehistory .
  • The knight games popular with children in a very specific development phase repeat the centuries-old history of knight culture (Middle Ages).
  • The linguistically verifiable development of oppositional words to antonyms reflects the individual psychological development from the primary process to the secondary process .
  • According to the concept of desomatization , from a phylogenetic point of view, the development of brain centers with psychological processing of sensory stimuli, such as those in tertiary centers, is phylogenetically more recent than those in secondary centers. The animal nervous system is more recent than the vegetative one . So-called. “Higher brain functions” are younger than those that effect a purely somatic regulation of body organs.
  • According to Freud, traumatic collective experiences in the history of religion (e.g. the killing of Moses in the history of religion in Judaism ) give rise to the observation of similar developmental steps as are known in individual psychology in the development of neurotic symptoms. This is the typical course of the following neurotic stages: "Early trauma" - defense - latency - outbreak of the neurotic disease - partial return of the repressed. The repressed feeling of guilt appears to be an essential element of religious education in the sense of compensation .
  • Using the example of early childhood memories, the formation of myths can be clarified, which is not about historical or biographical accuracy, but primarily about psychological meanings, cf. a. Sigmund Freud's concept of deck memory .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sigmund Freud : mass psychology and ego analysis . 1921. In: Sigmund Freud: study edition. Volume IX: Issues of Society. Origins of religion. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1982, pp. 61-134.
  2. ^ Wilhelm Karl Arnold et al. (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Psychologie . Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-508-8 , on tax base “Psychogenetic Basic Law”: column 1729, for further references see there
  3. ↑ Carl Abel : The contradiction of the original words . 1884.
  4. ↑ Sigmund Freud: The Interpretation of Dreams . 1900. In: Collected Works. Volume II / III, S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, references: paperback edition of the Fischer library, Aug. 1966, chap. VI. The dream work, Para. C. The means of representation of the dream, p. 265 f.
  5. ↑ Max Schur : Comments on the Metapsychology of Somatization. In: Psa.Stud. Child. 10, 1955, pp. 119-164. (German in: K. Brede (Ed.): Introduction to Psychosomatic Medicine. Frankfurt 1974, pp. 335–395)
  6. ↑ Sigmund Freud: The man Moses and the monotheistic religion . 1939. Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-15-018721-0 , p. 101.