GAFAM

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The ten largest companies worldwide by market capitalization

GAFAM is an acronym for even Big Five mentioned US technology company G oogle ( alphabet ) A mazon , F acebook , A pple and M icrosoft . After rapid growth between 2010 and 2020, all five companies are among the world's ten largest companies based on their market capitalization . Even the acronym GAF for the Big Four without M is icrosoft common. In the context of the stock market , FAANG (shares) are sometimes used , with Microsoft being replaced by Netflix .

Acronyms such as GAFAM are used in particular when similarities between companies such as rapid growth that can hardly be caught up due to the network effect and oligopolistic market dominance are described, and when the capitalization of user data ( surveillance capitalism ) is criticized.

literature

  • Nikos Smyrnaios: Internet oligopoly: the corporate takeover of our digital world , Emerald Publishing, Bingley 2018, ISBN 978-1-78769-199-5 .
  • Shoshana Zuboff : The Age of Surveillance Capitalism . Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / New York 2018, ISBN 978-3-593-50930-3 (English: The Age of Surveillance Capitalism . New York. Translated by Bernhard Schmid, the English version published in January 2019).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Matthias Janson: Infographic: Decade of Growth for US Tech Giants. In: Statista. January 8, 2020, accessed April 27, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Jürg Helfenberg et al. : Dividend strategies as an opportunity for pension foundations in a low interest rate environment? In: WiSt - economics studies . tape 47 , no. 2-3 . CHBECK, 2018, ISSN  0340-1650 , p. 32–39, here: p. 37 , doi : 10.15358 / 0340-1650-2018-2-3-32 .
  3. ^ Notker Blechner: The comeback of the FAANG shares. In: boerse.ARD.de. July 31, 2019, accessed May 2, 2020 .
  4. ^ Justus Haucap: Competition and Competition Policy in a Data-Driven Economy . In: Intereconomics . tape 54 , no. 4 , July 1, 2019, ISSN  1613-964X , p. 201-208 , doi : 10.1007 / s10272-019-0825-0 .
  5. ↑ Nikos Smyrnaios: L'effet GAFAM: strategies et logiques de l'oligopole de l'internet . In: Communication & langages . tape 2016 , no. 188 , June 2016, ISSN  0336-1500 , p. 61-83 , doi : 10.4074 / s0336150016012047 (French).
  6. ↑ Bruce Schneier : Click Here to Kill Everybody: Internet Security Risks and the Responsibility of Businesses and Governments . MITP, Frechen 2019, ISBN 978-3-95845-948-9 , p. 81-90 .