GNU Core Utilities
GNU Core Utilities
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Basic data
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developer | GNU project |
Current version | 8.32 (March 5, 2020) |
operating system |
available for Unix , Unixoide etc. a. POSIX compatible; pre-installed with GNU / Linux , Haiku , ... |
programming language | C. |
category | Unix programs |
License | GPL |
German speaking | Yes |
gnu.org/software/coreutils |
The GNU Core Utilities (, main resources'), short coreutils , are from the GNU project under the General Public License published collection of basic command line - programs such as for listing files used ls . The collection provides the functionality of the usual Unix commands and is available for many different operating systems, in particular for GNU / Linux , but also for Windows with the WSL or Cygwin . The command line programs are based on the POSIX standard , but are deliberately not fully compliant. As usual with Unix, the programs are limited to a specific task. This allows them to be easily inserted into more extensive commands or programs or scripts (see Unix philosophy ).
Many hardware platforms are supported , for example x86 , SPARC , ARM and PowerPC .
The collection combines the originally individually offered packages textutils (for texts), shellutils (for the shell ), and fileutils (for files) in one. It is also maintained in other compilations, for example BusyBox contains versions of most of the programs listed below.
Programs included
File Utilities | ||
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chgrp |
Changes the group of files or directories | ch ange gr ou p |
chown |
Changes the owner of files or directories | ch ange own he |
chmod |
Changes the permissions of files or directories | ch is mod e |
cp |
Copies files or directories | c o p y |
dd |
Converts and copies files | d ump d ata |
df |
Shows the free space of a file system | d isk space f ree |
dir |
How ls
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dir ectory |
dircolors |
Defines colors for ls
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dir ectory entry colors |
install |
Copies files and directories and sets attributes | Install |
ln |
Creates links to files or directories | l ink n ode |
ls |
Lists files or directories | l i s t directory |
mkdir |
Creates directories | m a k e dir ectory |
mkfifo |
Creates pipes ( FIFOs ) | m a k e ' f irst i n f irst o ut' |
mknod |
Creates device files | m a k e nod e |
mv |
Moves or renames files or directories | m o v e |
rm |
Deletes files | r e m ove |
rmdir |
Deletes directories (also recursively) | r e m ove dir ectory |
shred |
Deletes files irretrievably by overwriting them | shred file |
sync |
Writes file system buffers to disk | sync hronize data |
touch |
Changes the timestamps of files and directories | touch file attributes |
vdir |
Variant of dir
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v ariant of you |
Text utilities | ||
cat |
Appends files to each other | con cat enate files |
cksum |
Calculates checksums and the number of bytes of files | c hec k sum |
comm |
Compares two sorted files line by line | com pare & m erge (?) |
csplit |
Divides files into multiple parts depending on their content | split via c ontext line |
cut |
Removes sections from each line of a file | cut parts of a file |
expand |
Converts tab characters to spaces | expand white space |
fmt |
Simple text formatter | f or m at t ext |
fold |
Breaks lines to a certain length. No UTF-8 support | - |
head |
Shows only the beginning of a file | show head |
join |
Merges lines from two files with a common field | join lines of two files |
md5sum |
Calculates and compares MD5 - checksums | md5 sum mation |
nl |
Adds line numbers to a file | add n umber l ines |
od |
Lists the contents of files in various formats, such as. B. hexadecimal | o ctal d ump |
paste |
Merges lines of files | paste lines of files |
ptx |
Creates a permuted index of file contents | build p ermu t ed inde x |
pr |
Formats files for printing | (format file content to DINA4) |
sha1sum |
Calculates and compares SHA1 - checksums | sha1 sum mation |
sort |
Sorts lines of one or more file (s) | sort lines of a file |
split |
Divides a file into pieces | split file content |
sum |
Displays checksums and number of blocks in a file | check sum |
tac |
Append files in reverse direction (last line first) | reverse cat |
tail |
Shows only the end of a file | show tail |
tr |
Replaces or deletes characters in a file. No UTF-8 support | tr anslate characters |
tsort |
Performs a topological sort of | t opologic sort |
unexpand |
Converts spaces to tab characters | unexpand white space |
uniq |
Deletes multiple identical lines from a sorted file | show uniq ue lines |
wc |
Calculates the number of bytes, words and lines in a file | w ord c ount |
Shell Utilities | ||
basename |
Removes the path and extension from a full file name | - |
chroot |
Executes a command with a specific root directory of | ch ange root directory |
date |
Shows or sets the system time | system date time |
dirname |
Displays only the path of a full file name | dir ectory name |
du |
Shows the storage space usage in a file system | d isk u sage |
echo |
Outputs a text | echo stdin |
env |
Sets environment variables and executes programs | env ironment settings |
expr |
Evaluates expressions from | evaluate expr ession |
factor |
Calculates prime factors | evaluate prime factor |
false |
Does nothing, but returns an incorrect end status | false |
groups |
Displays the groups to which a user belongs | groups of an user |
hostid |
Displays a number to identify the computer | host id entifier |
id |
Shows the name and group membership of a user. | user's id entity |
link |
Creates a hard link to a file | link to a file |
logname |
Displays the name of the user account | log in name |
nice |
Changes the priority of a process | be nice |
nohup |
Executes a command that continues after you have logged off | no h ang up |
pathchk |
Checks file names for portability | path ch ec k |
pinky |
Displays information about a user | - |
printenv |
Displays environment variables | print env ironment settings |
printf |
Outputs data formatted | print format |
pwd |
Displays the current working directory | p rint w orking d irectory |
readlink |
Displays information about a symbolic link | - |
seq |
Outputs a sequence of numbers | seq uence |
sleep |
Wait a certain time | - |
stat |
Outputs file system information about a file | stat e of corresponding inode |
stty |
Sets terminal settings | s et t ele ty pe |
tee |
Branches the data stream into a file | - |
test |
Checks file types and evaluates expressions | - |
true |
Does nothing, but returns a successful exit status | true |
tty |
Displays the name of the terminal | t ele ty pe |
uname |
Displays information about the operating system | u nothing name |
unlink |
Deletes a file with the unlink function |
- |
users |
Shows the users currently logged on to the computer according to a specific file | - |
who |
Shows the users currently logged on to the computer | - |
whoami |
Shows the effective user identity, is id extended by |
who am i |
yes |
Outputs a text repeatedly | - |
Other utilities | ||
[ ... ] |
Syntax alternative to test |
criticism
The fact that GNU is bloatware is more often criticized, among other things because the GNU version of true consists of 80 lines of code, whereby a 3-line would be sufficient according to established C standards. Other implementations of Unix, such as OpenBSD, use such "3-liner". Furthermore, GNU can do things that other Unix systems cannot, which creates incompatibility.
See also
Web links
- The GNU Core Utilities website (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pádraig Brady: coreutils-8.32 released. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
- ^ The coreutils Open Source Project on Open Hub: Languages Page . In: Open Hub . (accessed on September 5, 2018).
- ↑ a b GNU is Bloated! Retrieved August 4, 2019 .
- ↑ upstream mirror. Contribute to coreutils / coreutils development by creating an account on GitHub. coreutils, August 2, 2019, accessed August 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Public git conversion mirror of OpenBSD's official CVS src repository. Pull requests not accepted: send diffs to the tech @ mailing list. - openbsd / src. OpenBSD, August 3, 2019, accessed August 4, 2019 .