Gabarre
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The gabarre ( French also gabare ), ( Greek karabos ) is a boat shape that was used on the rivers Garonne , Dordogne , Charente , Sèvre Niortaise and Loire in western France . Gabarren were also built for maritime shipping.
construction
The gabarre is a flat boat and, depending on the place of origin, built in brick (the planks overlap) or kraweeler (planks next to each other, butted ). The bow is pointed, the tail usually as transom executed. The planking was attached with wooden nails. In various regions, additional planks were put in place to raise the free line. The boats had a mast with a square sail , and smaller boats were also rowed.
charge
Different goods were transported depending on the region. So on the Dordogne mainly agricultural products, on the Loire stones, on the Charente wine and cognac , on the Sèvre metal products such as cannons and anchors and in the Auvergne wood. Around 1850 these boats carried around 60 percent of the goods traffic between Bergerac and Bordeaux .
Today you can find replicas for tourist purposes on the Dordogne, Charente and Loire.
Sea going gabarre
The sea-going gabarren could transport between 120 and 450 tons of cargo and had one to three masts. From 1715 the ships were mainly used to transport timber to the royal arsenals. Sometimes they were armed with 10 to 20 cannons. Because of their robustness and good sea properties, they were also used as expedition ships in the 18th and 19th centuries. Louis Aleno de Saint-Aloüarn (1738–1772) discovered the Crozet Islands with the Gabarre Gros Ventre , Jules Dumont d'Urville circled the earth between 1825 and 1829 with the Astrolabe . A replica from 1945 is the Notre Dame de Rumengol , which was added to the list of Historic Monuments in France in 1990.
literature
- Félix Chiocca: Gabares de Dordogne . Éditions Sud Ouest, 2004, ISBN 978-2879015583 .
- Yann Laborie: «Les gabarres de Bergerac» . revue Arkheia n ° 21, Montauban, 2009.
- Guy Mouchel: Ports et gabares de Gironde . Editions Alan Sutton, 2002, ISBN 978-2842538255 .
- Guy Mouchel: Gabares de Basse Garonne . Editions Alan Sutton, 2004, ISBN 978-2842539856 .
- Bruno Sepulcher: à la recherche des gabariers de la Charente . Self-published, 1978.
- Jean-Paul Videau: Dans le sillage des gabares , La Découvrance, 2006, ISBN 978-2842654153 .
- Alfred Dudszu, Alfred Köpcke: The big book of ship types . Augsburg, Weltbild Verlag (licensed edition, transpress, Berlin), 1995, ISBN 3-89350-831-7 .