Gabriel Camps

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Gabriel Camps (born May 20, 1927 in Misserghin near Oran , Algeria , † September 6, 2002 ) was a French prehistorian with a focus on the Maghreb and the history of the Berbers , who call themselves Imazighen .

Live and act

Camp's father was an engineer with the Algerian national railway company, the Société nationale des chemins de fer algériens . Gabriel Camps attended grammar school (lycée) in Oran and completed his baccalaureate in Latin and Greek in 1944 and in philosophy in Algiers in 1945 . From 1949 he worked there in the Bardo Museum with Lionel Balout , from whose research facility the “Algerian School” emerged, within which Camps became one of the outstanding participants. At first he worked as a teacher in various schools. For his master’s examination , he submitted the work La Préhistoire de l'Afrique du Nord in 1955 , followed by his doctoral thesis in 1961 under the title Aux origines de la Berbérie. Monuments et rites funéraires protohistoriques , as well as Massinissa ou les débuts de l'Histoire .

When Algeria became independent from France in 1962, it was planned that the institutes would be continued for four years by the French working there. Gabriel Camps and his wife Henriette Camps-Fabrer decided to return to Algeria. Both worked there until 1969, but when the contracts expired, she had to go to France that same year.

In Aix-en-Provence , Camps was the first to hold the chair in prehistoric archeology (archéologie préhistorique). The research project Recherche Coopérative sur Program , which had already started in Algiers , was thematically continued in the Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire des Pays de la Méditerranée Occidentale ; other institutions followed, such as the Institut de Recherches et d'Etudes sur le Monde Arabe et Musulman or the Maison méditerranéenne des Sciences de l'Homme .

From 1970 Camps worked on his Encyclopédie berbère . The first volume was published in 1984, the last of 24 volumes in 2001. The complete work comprised almost 3800 pages in the end. There were also publications such as Les civilizations préhistoriques de l'Afrique du Nord et du Sahara (1974), the Manuel de recherches préhistoriques (1980, ND 1990), Berbères aux marges de l'Histoire (1980), La Préhistoire. À la recherche du paradis perdu (1982, Italian 1985), then two publications on the prehistory of Corsica (1988) and L'Afrique du Nord au féminin (1992). He also initiated the Atlas préhistoriques du Midi méditerranéen français and the Atlas préhistorique de la Tunisie . In 1998 he published L'homme préhistorique et la mer .

Camps belonged to the Center national de la recherche scientifique from 1959 , from 1962 to 1969 he was director of the Center de recherches anthropologiques, préhistoriques et ethnologiques . He then became head of the Musée national du Bardo in Algiers.

With his thesis that the Berbers should initially be understood linguistically as a unit, not as an ethnic group, he initially encountered opposition from those who understood the Berbers to be a people. But it was only this external conception of a “people”, developed by the Greeks and Romans at the latest and continued by the Arabs, that led to the various groups developing into an overarching unity. Their culture therefore reached back to the Capsien and from there the slow path to an ethnically understood unit began, which in the Maghreb until well into modern times cultivated completely different ways of life from cattle nomadism to the rural village culture to the urban way of life, but also socially, religiously and politically fragmented. A distinction must be made between three large groups that filled the vast area of ​​the Maghreb and from there, with the Islamic expansion from the 8th century, spread to the Iberian Peninsula and large parts of West Africa. Significant numbers of other ethnic or cultural groups joined this unity. The Imazighen were perceived by the French colonial rulers exclusively as an ethnic group.

Fonts (selection)

  • Inscriptions d'Altava (Lamoricière) , in: Bulletin trimestriel de la Société de Géographie et d'Archéologie de la Province d'Oran 66/67 (1945/1946) 35-38.
  • Les dolmens de Beni Messous , in: Libyca. Anthropologie, archeologie préhistoriques, NS 1 (1953) 239–372.
  • Des dolmens à 20 km d'Alger , in: Algéria 22 (1954) 5–10.
  • Les Bavares, peuples de Maurétanie césarienne , in: Revue africaine 99 (1955) 241–288, ( online ).
  • Un mausolée marocain, la grande bazina de Souk el-Gour , in: Bulletin d'Archéologie marocaine 4 (1960) 47-92.
  • Aux origines de la Berbérie. Massinissa ou les débuts de l'Histoire (= Libyca. Préhistoriques et Etnographiques. 8, Semestre 1, ISSN  0459-3049 ). Service des Antiquités de l'Algérie, Algiers 1960 (Camps doctoral thesis).
  • Aux origines de la Berbérie. Monuments et rites funéraires protohistoriques , Arts et métiers graphiques, Paris 1961.
  • Le Bardo. Musée d'ethnographie et de préhistoire d'Alger , Musée du Bardo, Algiers 1967.
  • Amekni. Néolithique ancien du Hoggar (= Mémoires du Center de recherches anthropologiques préhistoriques et ethnographiques 10, ZDB -ID 30577-7 ). Arts et métiers graphiques, Paris 1969.
  • with Georges Olivier (ed.): L'Homme de Cro-Magnon. Anthropology and archeology. 1868–1968 , Arts et métiers graphiques, Paris 1970.
  • Les civilizations préhistoriques de l'Afrique du nord et du Sahara , Doin, Paris 1974. ISBN 2-7040-0030-1
  • L'âge du tombeau de Tin Hinan, ancêtre des Touareg du Hoggar , in: Zephyrus 25 (1974) 497-516 ( online ).
  • with Henriette Camps-Fabrer (ed.): Atlas préhistorique du Midi méditerranéen , Éditions du CNRS, Paris 1978–1990.
  • Berbères. Aux marges de l'histoire , Editions des Hespérides, Toulouse 1980. ISBN 2-85588-006-8
  • La préhistoire. À la recherche du paradis perdu , Perrin, Paris 1982. ISBN 2-262-00267-3
  • Les Berbères. Mémoire et identité , Errance, Paris 1987. ISBN 2-903442-32-0
  • Prehistoire d'une île. Les origines de la Corse , Errance, Paris 1988. ISBN 2-903442-74-6
  • L'Afrique du Nord au feminin. Héroïnes du Maghreb et du Sahara , Perrin, Paris 1992. ISBN 2-262-00740-3
  • Des rives de la Méditerranée aux marges méridionales du Sahara. Les Berbères (= Encyclopédie de la Méditerranée. Histoire. 4), Édisud et al., Aix-en-Provence et al. 1996. ISBN 2-85744-880-5
  • I berberi della riva del Mediterraneo ai confini meridionali del Sahara (= EDM. Un'enciclopedia del Mediterraneo. Sezione Storia. 5), Jaca Book, Milan 1996. ISBN 88-16-43605-0
  • Le Néolithique méditerranéen. Techniques et genres de vie (= Encyclopédie de la Méditerranée. Histoire. 12), Édisud et al., Aix-en-Provence et al. 1998. ISBN 2-7449-0039-7
  • as editor: L'homme préhistorique et la mer , Éditions du CTHS, Paris 1998 (files of the 120e congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques ). ISBN 2-7355-0370-4
  • La Corse à l'Age du fer In: Bruno Chaume, Jean-Pierre Mohen, Patrick Perin (eds.): Archeologie des Celtes. Mélanges à la mémoire de René Joffroy (= Protohistoire européenne. 3), Éditions Mergoil, Montagnac 1999, pp. 29-40. ISBN 2-907303-17-1
  • Contribution de la cartographie à l'étude des phénomènes culturels berbères , in: Daniel Balland (ed.): Hommes et terres d'Islam. Mélanges offerts à Xavier de Planhol (= Bibliothèque iranienne 53, 1), Volume 1, Institut français de recherche en Iran, Teheran / Löwen 2000, pp. 377–390. ISBN 2-909961-21-4

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ For the origin according to the camps cf. Gabriel Camps: L'origine des Berbères. ( Memento of March 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), March 12, 2015.
  2. ↑ Table of Contents .
personal data
SURNAME Camps, Gabriel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French-Algerian historian
DATE OF BIRTH May 20, 1927
PLACE OF BIRTH Misserghin at Oran
DATE OF DEATH September 6, 2002