Gallery (traffic structure)
A gallery ( protective gallery ) is a building as an enclosure that protects a traffic route from avalanches (avalanche gallery) , rockfall (rockfall gallery ) or mudslides .
To protect against mass movements and individual exits, a tunnel-like construction is being built with the wall on the valley side remaining open (hence the name, from gallery '(half) open corridor'). The avalanche gallery is built into the slope on particularly endangered road sections (gallery road) or railway lines. In addition to the horizontal forces from falling snow or rock, the construction must also be able to absorb the slope thrust.
Compared to the tunnel , which would have the same protective effect, the avalanche gallery has the advantage that construction and, above all, maintenance are considerably cheaper. Air and light can penetrate the building through the open side, so that artificial ventilation and, in some cases, lighting can be dispensed with. Avalanche (protection) tunnels are only built if the traffic route is in the run-off zone and the avalanche would hit the gallery.
A disadvantage of the avalanche gallery is that it is not completely protected against the influence of the weather, so that rain and snow can penetrate from the side. This means that the interior has to be partially cleared of snow in winter. From an ecological point of view, another disadvantage is that - in contrast to tunnels - animals are unable to cross the route .
literature
- Ulrich Smoltczyk : Grundbau-Taschenbuch. Ernst & Sohn-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-4330-1447-7 , page 528.
- Klaus Stig : Civil engineers and their work. Ernst & Sohn-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-4330-1665-8 , page 290.
Norms:
- ONR 24805–7 Permanent technical avalanche protection ; ONR 24800–3 protective structures for torrent control (AT).
- ASTRA 12 006 Effects of falling rocks on protective galleries , Federal Office f. Roads (ASTRA), Federal Department for the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communication (DETEC) in cooperation with SBB AG Infrastructure Engineering.
- ASTRA 12 007 Effects of avalanches on protective galleries , Federal Office f. Strassen (ASTRA), Federal Department for the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communication (DETEC) in cooperation with SBB AG Infrastructure Engineering 2007 V2.00 (Swiss guideline).
- ETAG 27 Guidline for European technical approval of Falling rock protection Kkds, Ed .: EOTA.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Inge Niedek, Harald Frater: natural disasters , Springer-Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-5400-0831-4 , page 226th