Gambuses

Gambuses
Kobold Parrot ( Gambusia affinis ), female
Systematics
Order : Toothpies (Cyprinodontiformes) Subordination : Cyprinodontoidei Family : Viviparous toothcarps (Poeciliidae) Subfamily : Live-bearing toothcarps (Poeciliinae) Tribe : Gambusini Genre : Gambuses
Scientific name
Gambusia
Poey , 1854

The Gambusen ( Gambusia ) are a genus of the livebearers toothcarps ( Poeciliinae ). The fish are found from the south of the USA over the water systems of Central America flowing into the Atlantic to northern Colombia. They also live in the Greater Antilles and some other Caribbean islands. At the end of the 19th century, humans settled them on other continents to control mosquito larvae . Especially Gambusia affinis and Gambusia holbrooki , both of which are referred to as mosquito fish in this context. Gambus live in fresh and brackish water .

With almost 45 species, they are the most species-rich genus of the viviparous toothcarps ahead of Poecilia (around 39 species).

features

Gambus (from Cuban Gambusino "something insignificant") are more or less elongated, often squat (especially the females), small, inconspicuous fish. The top is often brownish to olive green, the belly is lighter. The dorsal and caudal fins are often spotted. They are not or only slightly flattened on the sides. They reach lengths of 3.5 to 7 cm. The sexes are almost the same in color. Most gambus have a black eye line that extends to the gill cover and a dark stripe along the center of the flank. The mouth is above with a protruding lower jaw, the forehead line is horizontal. The teeth are conical, sharp and arranged in a row.

species

Gambusia gaigei

Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) Gambusia alvarezi Hubbs & Springer, 1957 Gambusia amistadensis Peden, 1973 Gambusia atrora Rosen & Bailey, 1963 Gambusia aurata Miller & Minckley, 1970 Gambusia baracoana Rivas, 1944 Gambusia beebei Myers, 1935 Gambusia bucheri Rivas, 1944 Gambusia clarkhubbsi Garrett & Edwards, 2003 Gambusia dominicensis Regan, 1913 Gambusia echeagarayi (Alvarez, 1952) Gambusia eurystoma Miller, 1975 Gambusia gaigei Hubbs, 1929 Gambusia geiseri Hubbs & Hubbs, 1957 Gambusia georgei Hubbs & Peden, 1969 Gambusia heterochir Hubbs, 1957 Gambusia hispaniolae Fink, 1971 Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 Gambusia hurtadoi Hubbs & Springer, 1957 Gambusia krumholzi Minckley, 1963 Gambusia lemaitrei Fowler, 1950 Gambusia longispinis Minckley, 1962

Gambusia luma Rosen & Bailey, 1963 Gambusia manni Hubbs, 1927 Gambusia marshi Minckley & Craddock, 1962 Gambusia melapleura (Gosse, 1851) Gambusia monticola Rivas, 1971 Gambusia myersi Ahl, 1925 Gambusia nicaraguensis Günther, 1866 Gambusia nobilis (Baird & Girard, 1853) Gambusia panuco Hubbs, 1926 Gambusia pseudopunctata Rivas, 1969 Gambusia punctata Poey, 1854 Gambusia puncticulata Poey, 1854 Gambusia regani Hubbs, 1926 Gambusia rhizophorae Rivas, 1969 Gambusia senilis Girard, 1859 Gambusia sexradiata Hubbs, 1936 Gambusia speciosa Girard, 1859 Gambusia vittata Hubbs, 1926 Gambusia wrayi Regan, 1913 Gambusia xanthosoma Greenfield, 1983 Gambusia yucatana Regan, 1914 Gambusia tsarskei Meyer, Schories & Schartl, 2010

literature

• Günther Sterba (Ed.), Gert Brückner: Encyclopedia of Aquaristics and Special Ichthyology. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen u. a. 1978, ISBN 3-7888-0252-9 .
• Dieter Gentzsch: Gambusia. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , pp. 390-398.
• Mary Rauchberger: Systematics and biogeography of the genus Gambusia (Cyprinodontiformes, Poecilidae). American Museum novitates, No. 2951. 1989, PDF
• Charles Lydeard, Michael C. Wooten, Axel Meyer: Molecules, Morphology, and Area Cladograms: A Cladistic and Biogeographic Analysis of Gambusia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae). Syst Biol (1995) 44 (2): 221-236. doi : 10.1093 / sysbio / 44.2.221
• R. Kinzelbach, F. Krupp: On the naturalization of the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis in Central Europe . Mainz Natural Sciences. Archive 20: 67-77, 1982.
• F. Krupp: Investigations into the eating behavior of the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis (BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853) . Mainz Natural Sciences. Archive 20: 79-90, 1982.

Web links

Commons : Gambusen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Gambusia Control Homepage (English)
• Gambuses on Fishbase.org (English)