Hazardous materials warehouse

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A hazardous materials warehouse is a warehouse in which materials classified as hazardous materials are stored in accordance with the Hazardous Materials Ordinance (GefStoffV) . A hazardous material store is created from the fact that hazardous materials are stored there, and not only through the expansion of a location so that it is suitable for storing hazardous materials. Storage is also considered to be the provision for later transport, provided that the transport does not take place within 24 hours or on the following working day after the provision.

Occurrence

Hazardous substances are substances or mixtures that have one or more of the following properties: explosive, flammable, toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritant, sensitizing, carcinogenic, toxic to reproduction, mutagenic, environmentally hazardous. Hazardous substances occur in practically all work areas, in processing companies in all possible uses as input materials, raw materials and supplies, in trade, for example, as paints, varnishes, pesticides, spray cans, technical gases, cleaning agents, etc. But also in clinics, Universities, households, etc. can find hazardous substances.

The so-called storage classes are relevant for the classification and classification of the stored hazardous substances .

Insofar as certain quantities are exceeded, the storage of hazardous substances may require a permit under the Federal Immission Control Act (BimSchG) or a permit under the Industrial Safety Ordinance (BetrSichV), which is always associated with special requirements for the hazardous substance warehouse and its operation.

Warehouse requirements

  • The warehouse should be lit accordingly, but without heating the goods.
  • Ventilation should be available and the limit values ​​must be observed.
  • The staff must have the necessary training or the necessary knowledge must be acquired through further training.
  • A well-known escape route should be clearly marked in the warehouse in order to get to the correct assembly point in an emergency. For this purpose, the intended illuminated emergency exit and directional signs must be attached to the corresponding doors, corridors and corridors.
  • In general, the hygiene regulations must be observed, unless other internal instructions apply. For this purpose, work clothing must be separated from private clothing in order to rule out contamination . The necessary washing facilities with disinfectant dispensers and , if necessary, body showers must be made available for employees.
  • The technical systems and machines, storage aids, disposal and ventilation systems, eye wash stations, first aid kits, etc. must be checked and maintained regularly.

For certain goods on Euro pallets, the stacking factor must be observed in order to ensure that the dangerous goods are safely positioned.

Warehouse organization

Hazardous substances are primarily to be stored clearly and properly in closed containers or receptacles. The hazardous materials store must always be kept in an orderly condition. The necessary specialist personnel must be informed of the dangers and risks according to the operating instructions.

General protective measures

Hazardous substances are not to be stored in the immediate vicinity of drugs , food , cosmetics , luxury goods or feed. A general storage of hazardous substances in stairwells, corridors, escape and rescue routes, sanitary rooms, sanitary rooms, heating centers, break and standby rooms as well as day accommodation is not permitted. The packaging and containers should be suitable to avoid confusion with food packaging. The labeling for this is subject to TRGS201 , which regulates the general information on activities involving hazardous substances and the classification and labeling of activities involving hazardous substances. An assessment or classification of the substances to be procured can be seen from the supplier's safety data sheets, which are obliged to hand over this data sheet when the hazardous substances are handed over.

Qualification of a warehouse

General

Qualifications should generally confirm the documentation and the traceable evidence of a functioning system. All deviations in the results must be noted in writing and rectified immediately so that the system can be released. For the GXP -regulated area, which goes for warehouses and transporters, as well as for the GDP guideline, equipment and procedures, a qualification or validation applies . This always has to be done for applications, decisive changes or maintenance.

Design qualification (DQ)

Objectives of warehouse and transporter

The requirement specification and the functional specification should be compared with one another. The potential supplier of the warehouse or the transporter should be checked on the basis of the requirements from the specifications with reference to design, GSP / GDP, so that the documentation and implementation are correct. The design qualification should take place before a new launch. In addition, documented evidence of the design, GSP / GDP as well as climatic and geological conditions for storage and transport must be met and taken into account.

Installation qualification (IQ)

Evidence that the warehouse and the transporter are equipped and installed with the systems and resources used in accordance with the DQ approved specifications.

IQ checkpoint criteria Applicable to
Installations and connections In the storage room / hold, ventilation, evaporators, refrigeration systems, etc. with control and regulation should be installed completely and in accordance with technical documentation. Performance data correspond to the specifications. Warehouses and vans
Doors / gates Correct, aligned installation of doors / gates without visible damage; a tight closing with complete attachment as well as an access protection or locking mechanism must be installed. Warehouses and vans
critical measuring points The quality-relevant measuring points are calibrated , clearly marked, the calibration status is visible and included in the calibration program. The calibration covers the measuring range to be used. Proof of a valid calibration certificate is available and a calibration was carried out from a reference z. B. carried out by the German accreditation body. Warehouses and vans
Hold The cargo space should be clean, free of pests and easy to clean (free of dead spaces). A risk of slipping for the staff must be excluded. Loading areas must be clearly marked on the floor. The loading limits show the max. Load height so that the air circulation remains free of disturbances when loaded. Transporter
storage room As with the cargo hold, a warehouse should be clean, easy to clean and free of dead space, i.e. no corners and edges on which dirt or liquid can collect. Precautions for pest control have already been taken. As with the cargo area, storage areas and boundaries are clearly marked on the floor so as not to impair air circulation. The insulation conforms to the specification, i.e. H. Walls, roof and windows are tight and windows are fitted with locks if necessary. A quarantine area must be set up for recalls, complaints and suspicious products. camp
staff The staff has the protective clothing provided for this purpose and is trained in handling pharmaceuticals in the various processes. Warehouses and vans
Documents The required documentation must be presented for completeness, topicality and correctness according to the risk analysis and listed after clear identification. Warehouses and vans
Loading areas / interfaces Loading and unloading areas must be free from dirt and pests and protected from the weather. The limit values ​​of temperature-sensitive packages must also be ensured during loading and unloading. camp

Operational qualification (OQ)

Objectives of the camp

The specified temperature ranges and humidity ranges should be checked for their function regardless of the load. The OQ is carried out without loading, ie carrying out an empty warehouse. Temperature distribution measurements are made at different setpoints and ambient temperature conditions, e.g. B. during summer and winter operation. For the controlled and stable environment e.g. B. of cold rooms and refrigerators, the latter storage area is omitted. An unloaded warehouse requires a gate / door opening test and a power failure test. In reality, large warehouses cannot be measured when they are empty, neither in summer nor winter, with reference to the measurements of PQ.

Objectives of the van

The same as for the warehouse also applies to the transporter with regard to temperature and humidity ranges. OQ is carried out without a load, ie the transporter is empty. Here temperature distribution measurements are to be undertaken with different setpoints. Studies on the year-round fluctuations should also be taken into account. The unloaded transporter should have a door opening test and a power failure test.

Performance qualification (PQ)

Objectives of the camp

The warehouse is checked for effectiveness and reproducibility. The warehouse is performed over a longer period of time, so that realistic fluctuations or worst-case scenarios are included. Temperature and humidity distribution measurements are tested when fully loaded at summer and winter ambient temperatures. From this, stress tests such as B. the power failure test, its behavior and the time until the limit violation can be determined. There are two special features to be considered:

  • It is also possible to test half full loads of the warehouse, e.g. B. not all measurements of the OQ (i.e. empty state) are carried out.
  • Such measurements can no longer be carried out in new, large-volume warehouses with full loads. It is therefore more sensible to carry out a distribution measurement if the loading volume in the warehouse increases significantly.

Objectives of the van

The transporter is also checked for effectiveness and reproducibility. The performance is tested under real conditions and over long transport routes, as well as sudden fluctuations and worst-case scenarios. As above, temperature and humidity distribution measurements are carried out in the warehouse when fully charged and at summer and winter temperatures. The temperature recorded should also include the product temperature. The same process as in the warehouse should be carried out with stress tests such as B. the power failure test, its behavior and the time until the limit value violation can also be determined in the van. This involves a large number of transport routes with different scenarios, influencing factors, transport times and environmental conditions; these should be selected as worst-case scenarios based on risk using the bracketing approach.

Storage classes (LGK)

  • LGK 1 Explosive Substances
  • LGK 2 A gases (without aerosols and lighters)
  • LGK 2 B aerosols and lighters
  • LGK 3 flammable liquids
  • LGK 4.1 A other explosive substances
  • LGK 4.1 B flammable solid substances
  • LGK 4.2 pyrophores or self-heating substances
  • LGK 4.3 Substances that develop flammable gases in contact with water
  • LGK 5.1 A strongly oxidizing substances
  • LGK 5.1 B oxidizing substances
  • LGK 5.1 C ammonium nitrate and preparations containing ammonium nitrate
  • LGK 5.2 organic peroxides and self-reactive substances
  • LGK 6.1 A flammable, acutely toxic cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic substances
  • LGK 6.1 B non-flammable, acutely toxic cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic substances
  • LGK 6.1 C flammable, acutely toxic cat. 3 / toxic or chronically acting substances
  • LGK 6.1 D non-flammable, acutely toxic cat. 3 / toxic or chronically acting substances
  • LGK 6.2 infectious substances
  • LGK 7 radioactive substances
  • LGK 8 A flammable corrosive substances
  • LGK 8 B non-flammable corrosive substances
  • LGK 9 (currently not occupied)
  • LGK 10 flammable liquids that cannot be assigned to any of the aforementioned classes
  • LGK 11 flammable solids that cannot be assigned to any of the aforementioned classes
  • LGK 12 non-flammable liquids that cannot be assigned to any of the aforementioned classes
  • LGK 13 non-flammable solids that cannot be assigned to any of the aforementioned classes

Overview warehouse / hazardous material warehouse

This shows when a warehouse and when a hazardous material warehouse is needed.

Substance property Classification of the CLP regulation Warehouse Hazardous materials warehouse
Without listed property 1,000 kg > 200 kg
Acutely toxic H300, H301, H310, H311, H330 or H331 50 kg > 200 kg
CMR and especially toxic H340, H350, H350i, H360, H370, H372 50 kg > 200 kg
Extreme and easily flammable H224, H225 20 kg, of which 10 kg H224 each> 200 kg
Flammable liquids H226 100 kg > 1,000 kg
Oxidizing H271

H272

1 kg

50 kg

> 5 kg

> 200 kg

Substance property Classification of the CLP regulation Warehouse Special regulation
Gases in pressure vessels H280, H281 2.5 l > 2.5 l
Flammable gases,

oxidizing

H220, H221,

H270

2.5 l > 200 kg

> 2.5 l

Aerosol dispensers /

Pressurized gas cartridges

H220, H221

H222, H223

20 kg

20 kg

> 20 kg

> 200 kg

Flammable liquids

Storage class 10

1,000 kg > 1,000 kg
Flammable solids

Storage class 11

Responsible

Small quantity regulation

The small quantity regulation states from which quantities a warehouse is necessary.

  • extremely and easily flammable liquids from 10 kg
  • extreme and flammable liquids from 20 kg
  • Flammable liquids with a flash point <55 ° C from 100 kg
  • flammable liquids with a flash point of 55 ° C - 370 ° C from 1,000 kg
  • Gases in pressurized gas containers from 2.5 l
  • Gases in pressurized gas cartridges from 20 kg
  • Aerosol dispensers with a net weight of 20 kg or more
  • Acutely toxic cat. 1, 2, 3 or STOT cat. 1 or cmr cat. 1 A or 1 B from 50 kg
  • oxidizing substances cat. 1, packing group I from 1 kg
  • oxidizing substances cat. 2 or 3 from 50 kg
  • Pyrophoric substances (H250) from 200 kg
  • Substances that release flammable gases with water (H260, H261) from 200 kg
  • other hazardous substances from 1,000 kg
  • Total stored quantity of hazardous substances from 1,500 kg

Definition of joint storage

Joint storage only requires storage in the same storage section if there is no additional risk. In the case of separate storage, storage is also carried out in the same storage section, but the hazardous substances are passed through non-flammable barriers, i.e. H. separated by fireproof materials. The separate storage takes place in different storage sections. Deviations from the joint storage rules are permitted below a storage quantity of 400 kg and a maximum storage class of 200 kg.

Design of hazardous material stores

Hazardous goods storage facilities can be of any typical design for storage facilities, although depending on the quantity, a hazardous goods cabinet or hazardous goods container can be used. The so-called “poison cabinet” in a garden center is therefore already a hazardous material store. The special features are the protection concepts that result from the requirements of the relevant laws, ordinances, technical rules or accident prevention regulations. From the point of view of environmental protection and occupational safety, the following are particularly relevant:

  • safe material inclusion,
  • enough space for storage and retrieval,
  • Observance of the maximum space occupancy,
  • fall-proof bearings,
  • Soil protection through collecting trays and extinguishing water retention systems ,
  • Avoidance of operational ignition sources,
  • minimal fire loads,
  • Monitoring devices,
  • separate storage of substances which require different in case of fire extinguishing medium or in addition dangerous during the interaction are ( on storage rules ),
  • fire-resistant room partitions as well
  • Supervision of external and maintenance personnel .

Basically, it is important to pay attention to the possibilities of safe storage and retrieval and to workflows that are as simple as possible. As part of a general protection concept, the stored quantities of hazardous substances should be as low as possible, registers should be kept, data sheets should be available, the employees instructed and equipped with suitable protective devices, the work equipment used should be specifically suitable and the safety devices monitored.

Explosives warehouse

construction

  • Explosives must be stored in such a way that their temperature does not exceed 75 ° C.
  • Protection from electrical energy
  • Protection against theft and theft from outside
  • Protection against living areas and traffic routes (compliance with the guidelines for safety and safety distances)

Storage groups in the explosives store

The explosives are divided into four storage groups. The storage group gives rise to safety requirements, in particular with regard to the protective and safety distances.

  • Storage group 1.1 The explosives of this group can explode in bulk. The environment is endangered by pressure (shock waves), by flames and by explosives and thrown pieces.
  • Storage group 1.2 The explosives in this group do not explode in bulk. In the course of the fire, the number of objects that explode at the same time increases. The pressure effect (shock waves) of the explosions is limited to the immediate surroundings; There is little or no damage to structures in the vicinity.
  • Storage group 1.3 The explosives of this group do not explode in bulk. They burn very violently and generate a lot of heat, the fire spreads quickly. The environment is mainly at risk from flames, thermal radiation and flying sparks.
  • Storage group 1.4 The explosives in this group do not represent a significant hazard. They burn down. individual objects can also explode. The effects are largely limited to the package.

Storage of liquids, solids and gases

Storage of flammable liquids

scope of application

  • flammable liquids with H224, H225, H226
  • The flash point is ≤ 55 ° C

Allowed storage quantity

  • 100,000 l per storage room, if only portable containers are involved
  • 150,000 l per storage room, if only stationary tanks or mobile containers are involved
  • An excess is only possible with special regulations

Requirements of the storage rooms

  • The walls, ceilings and doors must be made of non-flammable building materials
  • Floor drains are prohibited
  • The floor should be airtight and also made of a non-combustible material
  • A recreation room must not be adjacent to the storage room with a quantity of 10,000 l or more
  • There should be a protective device in front of basements, channels of openings, drains and lower-lying rooms

Storage of toxic solids and liquids

Scope of application:

Keep under lock and key

The storage of such highly toxic solids and liquids is only permitted in lockable buildings and lockable chemical cabinets. When storing a fenced company site, an access control must be carried out. Acutely toxic hazardous substances of cat. 1 - 3 are to be kept under lock and key and also to be stored so that only the responsible specialist staff or instructed persons have access to them.

Fire protection

There must be a fire-resistant partition of the storage sections, if not only non-combustible materials are stored. From a total amount of 10 tons, automatic fire alarm systems must be attached. The minimum outdoor stock is 10 m.

Storage of oxidizing solids and liquids

scope of application

  • Oxidizing cat. 1, 2 and 3 (H271, H272)
  • Class 5.1 according to dangerous goods law
  • A storage quantity of 200 kg

Organizational measures

When storing oxidizing solids and liquids, the warehouse floor must not have floor drains and must be impermeable. Care must also be taken not to use binders made of flammable materials. Storage equipment or storage vehicles with internal combustion engines may not be parked or parked.

Fire protection

It requires a fire-proof separation of the storage sections. The minimum distance outdoors is here 5 m.

Storage of gases

scope of application

  • GHS pictogram / CLP regulation marked with H220, H221, H270, H280, H281
  • when storing more than 5 l

handling

  • The gas bottles must be secured to prevent them from falling over
  • Gases must not be transferred
  • Gas cylinders should not be stowed in pits, channels or drains without a liquid seal, at basement entrances and openings to chimneys.

Storage of aerosols and pressurized gas cartridges

scope of application

  • GHS pictogram / CLP regulation marked with H222, H223, for a load of more than 20 kg
  • unmarked aerosol packs of more than 200 kg if they are not stored in a mesh box

handling

  • Max. Temperature of 50 ° C must not be exceeded
  • 500 m² of a special warehouse is required
  • The max. Net volume per storage section of flammable liquids is 100,000 l
  • Storage rooms with an area of ​​60 m² or more have special provisions

Fire protection

Solid fuels

If more than 15,000 kg of solid fuels are stored per building, there must be a separate fuel storage room. For example, the storage of wood pellets is used for the structural requirements or recommendations . For this purpose, fuel suppliers or companies of the storage containers provide more information.

Fuel storage of liquid gas

If liquefied gas is stored in containers of more than 14 kg per building, a designated fuel storage room is required. The capacity of the containers is limited to a maximum of 6,500 liters per fuel storage room and a maximum of 30,000 liters per building. The structural requirements correspond to those of heating oil storage. Apart from doors, there must be no openings to other rooms; open shafts or channels are also prohibited. Access should only be from the outside and also open the door to the outside. The room must be permanently ventilated, e.g. B. through ventilation openings from above and below. The size of the openings should be at least 1/100 of the base area.

Storage of heating oil or diesel fuel

The storage of heating oil or diesel fuel is based on the Fire Ordinance (FeuVO). Without an independent fuel storage room, up to 5,000 liters can be stored in the installation room of the fireplace . For this, there must be protection against thermal radiation from a distance of at least 1 m from the fireplace or through the structural measures. The fireplace is outside the required collecting area for the fuel storage. The floor drain is to be provided with a separator or heating oil barrier.

Safety measures

The storage of heating oil above or below ground requires safety measures for water protection and for the protection of the building. The safety equipment of the storage containers can consist of an overfill protection (limit value transmitter), double-walled construction or leak detection devices (control and warning device). Depending on the material and type of construction, the storage containers either require a collecting space to hold back any leaking heating oil or offer sufficient containment and security against leaking heating oil. The suitability must be proven by a type approval. This approval also regulates the necessary distances to the surrounding areas for assembly and inspection.

Storage of containers outdoors

Fixed storage in containers outdoors can be above ground, partially sunk into the ground and covered with ground. A white, reflective protective coating is available on the visible surfaces of the storage containers. As a rule, the above-ground storage is in the rented containers of the gas delivery company.

Important laws, guidelines, information sheets

literature

  • Katrin Strübe: Preventive fire protection for hazardous materials storage . In: Feuertrutz . No. 1 , 2017 ( feuertrutz.de ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Begoña Hermann: Hazardous materials warehouse. In: Kurt Landau (Hrsg.): Lexikon Arbeitsgestaltung. Best practice in the work process. Genter, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-87247-655-5 , pp. 587 f.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Herbert F. Bender: Storage of hazardous substances. (PDF) BASF SE , accessed on June 28, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Natascha Salemink: Risk-based qualification of storage areas and transport systems. (PDF) Testo Industrial Services GmbH , accessed on July 19, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Company ASECOS: laws and regulations; Storage and handling of hazardous substances . March 2017.
  5. ↑ Explosives Storage Guideline. (PDF) Trade Supervisory Authority Baden-Württemberg, accessed on June 6, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Second Ordinance on the Explosives Act. Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection , accessed on June 6, 2018 .
  7. ↑ a b Dr. Fritz Brunck, Stefan Breuer: Study Letter BS203A Structural Fire Protection and Safety Technology . Technical building equipment.