Yellow pitcher plant
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Sarracenia flava |
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The yellow pitcher plant ( Sarracenia flava ) is a species from the pitcher plant family. The species is carnivorous and native to the North American southeast coast.
features
The yellow pitcher plant is considered to be a morphologically very variable species, in particular the colors of the hoses can range from pure light green to reddish nerved or patterned forms to almost completely dark red plants. The creeping rhizome is firm and elongated. The tubes of the species can be over 1 meter high in individual plants, but the normal size varies between 40 and 70 centimeters. They stand upright and are tubular, the lower and middle areas are slender, the upper area funnel-shaped, widening towards the opening up to 12 centimeters in diameter. The lid, which stands on an upright column, is almost circular, has a thread-like tip at the very end and can be up to 20 centimeters in diameter. Along the tube runs an Ala up to 8 millimeters wide at the base and narrowing up to 2 millimeters wide . In the course of the summer, the plants also develop sword-shaped, non-carnivorous phyllodes that are 20 to 40 centimeters long.
The flowering period extends from mid-March to the beginning of May and precedes the formation of new tubes, the flowers smell of cat urine. The flowers measure 4 to 7 centimeters in diameter. The sepals are yellow-green in color, the light yellow, occasionally light red veined or spotted petals are 3 to 5 inches long, buckle-shaped and rounded at the extreme end. The stamp is umbrella-shaped.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
distribution
The yellow pitcher plant grows mainly in swamps of the coastal plains of the southeastern USA from the extreme southeast of Virginia (where it was already considered extinct until the rediscovery of individual small residual populations) through North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, western Florida to southeastern Alabama. A single isolated population is also found in North Carolina far from the coast in the Piedmont .
The species is a savanna plant , but is also found in other wetlands, occasionally even in bogs .
Status and exposure
Like many pitcher plant species, the yellow pitcher plant is endangered, since the 1950s in particular numerous large and old stocks have been lost, including populations that stretched over several hectares. Important influences are the conversion of the sites to agricultural purposes or settlements; especially weed control products that have drifted near roads; invasive species like kudzu or the desires of plant collectors. The yellow pitcher plant is listed in Appendix II of the Washington Convention on the Protection of Species .
Systematics and botanical history
The species was already included in his Species Plantarum by Carl von Linné in 1753 , the species name "flava" comes from the Latin "flavus" and means "yellow", which refers to the color of the tubes and the flowers. The following varieties are described:
- Sarracenia flava var. Atropurpurea : tubes inside and outside deep red
- Sarracenia flava var. Cuprea : deep copper-red color of the outer lid
- Sarracenia flava var. Maxima : Pure green tubes, normal in size regardless of the name
- Sarracenia flava var. Ornata : Strongly red nerved tubes with a green base color
- Sarracenia flava var. Rubricorpora : tubes outside pure red, cover and tube inside green
- Sarracenia flava var. Rugelii : Very large, pure green tubes, with a red throat spot
proof
- ↑ a b c d e f g Donald E. Schnell: Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada. 2nd edition. Timber Press, Portland OR 2002, ISBN 0-88192-540-3 , pp. 140 ff.
- ^ A b c d Stewart McPherson: Pitcher Plants of the Americas. McDonald & Woodward, Blacksburg VA 2007, ISBN 978-0-939923-74-8 , p. 204 ff.
- ^ Sarracenia flava at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Sarracenia flava in the Red List of Endangered Species of the IUCN 2006. Posted by: Schnell, D., Catling, P., Folkerts, G., Frost, C., Gardner, R., et al. , 2000. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
