Yellow fruity nightshade

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Yellow fruity nightshade
Yellow-fruited nightshade (Solanum villosum subsp.villosum)

Solanum villosum ( Solanum villosum subsp. Villosum )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Nightshade (Solanales)
Family : Nightshade family (Solanaceae)
Genre : Nightshade ( solanum )
Type : Yellow fruity nightshade
Scientific name
Solanum villosum
Mill.

The yellow- fruited nightshade or red-fruited nightshade ( Solanum villosum ) is a species of the nightshade ( Solanum ) genus .

Solanum villosum subsp. alatum , habitus
Solanum villosum subsp. alatum , fruit

description

The yellow fruity nightshade is a 40 to 70 cm high herbaceous plant. The leaves and stems of the plant are slightly hairy. It has elongated, elliptical leaves, which are alternate on the stem. The leaves are 4 to 8 cm long and 3 to 6 cm wide.

Outwardly, the yellow-fruited nightshade looks very similar to the black nightshade ( Solanum nigrum ), the two plants can only be clearly distinguished by the color of the berries. The berries are initially green, when ripe they are yellow-brown, orange to red and can grow up to 1 cm in size.

The chromosome number is (for both subspecies) 2n = 48.

Particular care must be taken when collecting wild tomatoes , as these can easily be mistaken for the poisonous yellow-fruited nightshade.

Locations and distribution

The locations are between 100 and 1300 meters above sea level. The plant prefers warmer locations and is usually found in Germany in the warmer lowlands. The yellow-fruited nightshade prefers slopes and embankments and often grows near roads. The yellow-fruited nightshade usually grows in sunny places.

The plant is native to southern Europe, parts of Asia and North Africa, it is a neophyte in North America and Australia.

Systematics

There are two subspecies:

  • Red-fruited nightshade ( Solanum villosum subsp. Alatum (Moench) Dostál ). Some authors also regard it as a separate species, Solanum alatum Moench .
  • Yellow-fruited nightshade ( Solanum villosum subsp. Villosum ): In Central Europe, it is a character species of the Hordeetum murini from the Sisymbrion association.

use

The yellow-fruited nightshade is poisonous, the plant contains various glycosidically bound steroid glycosides. Nevertheless, the yellow-fruited nightshade is occasionally grown as a useful plant. The berries of the yellow-fruited nightshade are mostly used. At least of the subspecies alatum , the leaves of the plant are also used as vegetables.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu, William G. D'Arcy: Solanum. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 17 : Verbenaceae through Solanaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X , pp. 318 (English, online - PDF file ).
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 822 .
  3. ↑ Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
  4. ↑ Benito Valdés, (2012): Solanaceae: Datasheet Solanum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  5. ↑ B. Bös: Yellow nightshade (Solanum villosum) in Poisonous Plants Compendium
  6. ↑ Steffen Guido Fleischhauer: Encyclopedia of the edible wild plants. 1500 plants from Central Europe with 400 color photos. AT-Verlag, Aarau / Munich 2003, ISBN 3-85502-889-3 .

Web links

Commons : Yellow Fruity Nightshade  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files