Female participation index

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The female participation index - English Gender Empowerment Measure , shortly GEM  - was a social indicator for gender equality in business and politics of the countries in the world, from 1995 to 2013 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in its annual report on human development published has been. The GEM could assume values ​​between 0.001 and 1.000. It was replaced in the 2014 reporting year by a new form of the GDI ( Gender Development Index: index of gender-specific development ).

In contrast to the GDI, the women's participation index measured the political and economic participation and equality of power of women. The following factors were taken into account:

  1. Seats of women and men in Parliament
  2. Posts by women and men as members of parliament, civil servants and managers
  3. Women and men as skilled workers
  4. Ratio of income between men and women

In 2000, the UN development program concluded from the index values ​​of various countries that a high income is not a necessary prerequisite for more equal opportunities, since the Bahamas , for example , was 0.633 ahead of Japan with 0.490.

In 2009 the UNDP report listed the women's participation index for 2008 for 109 countries - insufficient data was available for 85 more. Sweden was in first place with 0.909, followed by Norway , who was first in the previous year, with 0.906 and Finland with 0.902. Germany was in 9th place with 0.852. As before, Yemen came last with 0.135.

In the 2014 Human Development Report , the women’s participation index is not tracked any further, instead two other gender equality indexes:

  • GDI: Gender Development Index , the ratio of measuring human development ( HDI ) separately for women and men.
  • GII: Gender Inequality Index , a combination of different aspects such as reproductive health of women, proportion of women in parliament (this was a component of the women’s participation index ), as well as school education and labor force participation in a gender comparison.

See also

UNDP:

literature

United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Report on Human Development 2015. Translated by the German Society for the United Nations . Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2015 ( PDF: 9.3 MB, 328 pages at hdr.undp.org ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the subject of "The connection between equality, economic growth and the employment rate" (exploratory opinion e) (PDF; 761 kB, 16 pages), accessed on September 7, 2019 . In: Official Journal of the European Union . C318, December 23, 2009, p. 18.
  2. ↑ German Society for the United Nations (ed.): Report on human development 2009 . UNO-Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-923904-65-5 , p. 242 ( PDF: 6.6 MB at undp.org - partly in English; published for the United Nations Development Program).
  3. ↑ German Bundestag : Final Report of the Enquete Commission on Globalization of the World Economy - Challenges and Answers. Section 6.1.1: Gender-specific issues. (No longer available online.) June 12, 2002, archived from the original on December 13, 2009 ; accessed on September 7, 2019 .
  4. ↑ United Nations Development Program (Ed.): Human Development Report 2000 . Oxford University Press, New York 2000, ISBN 0-19-521678-4 , pp. 155 (English, PDF: 2.5 MB at undp.org ).
  5. ↑ German Society for the United Nations (ed.): Report on human development 2009 . UNO-Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-923904-65-5 , p. 218–222 ( PDF: 6.6 MB at undp.org - partly in English; published for the United Nations Development Program).
  6. ↑ German Society for the United Nations (ed.): Report on human development 2009 . UNO-Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-923904-65-5 , p. 384–387 ( PDF: 6.6 MB at undp.org - partly in English; published for the United Nations Development Program).
  7. ↑ United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Table 5: Gender Inequality Index. Accessed September 7, 2019.