Gender Development Index
The index of gender development - English Gender Development Index , shortly GDI - is a social indicator for gender equality in the countries of the world, from the United Nations Development Program is published (UNDP) since 2014 year. The GDI is an addition to the basic human development index (HDI) and initially divides it into separate values for women and men. The ratio of the two HDI values to one another gives the GDI as a measure of inequality , with values from 0.001 to optimally 1.000 (equality); GDI values above 1,000 lack equality between men. The two sex-related HDI values are calculated from data on three areas: health ( life expectancy ), education (school years) and per capita income . Using scientific statistics from the United Nations (UN), the World Bank and other institutions, results are calculated separately for women and men and then related to one another: The smaller the GDI, the more women are disadvantaged compared to men with regard to the quality of life recorded. The percentage difference between the HDI for women and that for men is used as a measure of the gender gap (“ gender gap ”). In the UNDP report 2014, the GDI replaced the GEM (Gender Empowerment Measure) index of women’s participation . Four of the particulars serve as distribution measure of 2015 by the United Nations adopted " targets for sustainable development " (SDGs).
At the end of 2019, UNDP published together with the global HDI of 2018 the GDI values for 166 countries ( see below ); insufficient data was available for 23 others . As an additional benchmark for equality , UNDP has been calculating the country-specific GII ( Gender Inequality Index for gender-specific inequality) on the reproductive health of women, the proportion of women in the state parliament, as well as higher education and the rate of female employment since 2010 . At the same time , the World Economic Forum published its Global Gender Gap Index 2020 (GGGI) for 2019 as its own index - the following overview shows the three gender indices together with the HDI in the DA-CH countries and compares them to Norway (at HDI rank 1 ) and the global averages:
Country 2018 | # | GDI | = HDI woman |
to HDI man |
= Gap | GDI 2013 |
HDI | rank | GII | rank | GGGI | rank | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norway | 31 | 0.990 | 0.9456 | 0.9548 | 0.96% | 0.994 | 0.954 | 1 | 0.044 | 5 | 0.842 | 2 | |||
Germany | 72 | 0.968 | 0.9228 | 0.9532 | 3.20% | 0.966 | 0.939 | 4th | 0.084 | 19th | 0.787 | 10 | |||
Switzerland | 82 | 0.963 | 0.9243 | 0.9594 | 3.66% | 0.965 | 0.946 | 2 | 0.037 | 1 | 0.779 | 18th | |||
Austria | 84 | 0.963 | 0.8949 | 0.9293 | 3.70% | 0.962 | 0.914 | 20th | 0.073 | 14th | 0.744 | 34 | |||
world | 101 | 0.941 | 0.7070 | 0.7510 | 5.86% | 0.939 | 0.731 | 93 | 0.439 | 99 | 0.686 | 95 |
Development of the GDI
The United Nations (UNDP) development program experimented from the 1990s with metrics to calculate the gaps ( "gap, gap") between women and men in terms of gender equality and equal rights. As a basis for global measures by the United Nations (UN), an orientation value should be created that would enable a comparison between the almost 200 UN member states. In 1995 the Gender-related Development Index (abbreviated to GDI ) was first presented as the “Index of Gender-Related Development ”. In the UNDP report 2010, however, it was replaced by a new Gender Inequality Index (GII: " Index of gender-specific inequality "), which records both the well-being of women (reproductive health) and their ability to participate in politics (empowerment) . However, due to its structure, the GII is difficult to interpret and difficult to convey: It can neither point to practical problem areas, nor can it offer orientation for improving the statistically recorded areas of life (for example with regard to the proportion of women in state parliaments).
Reviews Following, UNDP took the GDI in a new version as a Gender Development Index as a measure of the adverse costs of the gap between women and men in terms of their respective "- in the year 2014 in addition to human development " (human development) with regard to the three factors of life expectancy , Standard of living and level of education (compare educational disadvantage by gender ).
Worldwide the GDI 2018 is 0.941 - this leaves a gender gap (gap) of 5.9% in the recorded quality of life, with an improvement of 0.2% since 2013 (0.939) and of 2.8% since 2000 ( 0.913: 8.7% gap).
reception
The German development economist Stephan Klasen ( University of Göttingen ) is a member of the UN Committee on Development Policy and has accompanied the gender-specific measures and indices of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) with critical analyzes and suggestions for improvement since the 2000s. Klasen wrote in 2017: “Overall, the GDI is a welcome addition to the gender measures [of the UN]. It has a beneficial direct connection with the HDI, is easy to interpret and is meaningful ”.
criticism
Klasen also points to still existing criticisms regarding several shortcomings of GDI down, especially for the measurement of income disparities between men and women: The GDI examines this in terms of the actual earned income . Inaccuracies arise when men earn more money than women, but the family uses the income collectively. In addition, the index does not take into account the value of care services or other work performed in the informal sector such as housework, cooking, cleaning or childcare.
Calculation of the GDI and examples
The GDI (Gender Development Index) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) applies the calculation methods of the HDI (Human Development Index) to separate data on women and men. The ratio of the two HDI values to each other gives the GDI value. The data come from three basic areas of "human development" :
- Health - the life expectancy of women and men from birth (women 5 years longer, limit: 87.5)
-
Education - the school years of women and men, divided into
- a) Estimated duration of school attendance (between the ages of 6 and 24, including studies, limit: 18)
- b) Average length of school attendance (by people aged 25 and over, limit value: 15)
- The arithmetic mean is calculated from both values as half of (a + b).
- Economic resources - the estimated annual per capita income of women and men (in international dollars adjusted for purchasing power , limit: 75,000)
A (limited) index is calculated for each of the areas, then the three gender-related values are multiplied and geometrically averaged :
- HDI = (health index × education index × income index) 1/3
UNDP cites the exact individual values for Mexico as the only example :
- Women: (0.8514 × 0.686617 × 0.7135) 1/3 = 0.7472 HDI
- Men: (0.8403 × 0.682096 × 0.8297) 1/3 = 0.7805 HDI
The GDI only calculates the ratio of these gender-specific HDIs to one another:
- Mexico: women's value 0.7472 divided by 0.7805 men's value = 0.957 GDI (in 90th place ; HDI: 0.767 in 76th place )
UNDP outputs the averaged intermediate values for the three individual areas or their four indicators, separated by gender, here for Mexico:
- Women 77.8 years to 72.1 years of life for men
- Women 14.6 years to 14.0 years expected school years by men
- Women 8.4 years to 8.8 years schooled by men
- Women 11,254 to 24,286 annual earnings ($) of men
Mexico's GDI of 0.957 is expressed in inverse proportion as a percentage gap ("Gap"): 4.3%, calculated as 100 × (1 - 0.957). Based on the gap, the country is divided into one of 5 groups (Gender Development Index groups) with different degrees of " equality in HDI achievements between women and men" , in steps of 2.5 each %:
- Group 1: GDI from 0.9751 = gap below 2.5% = high equality: 53 countries (up to GDI 1.025)
- Group 2: GDI from 0.9501 = gap below DA-CH countries from 72nd place ) 5.0% = medium equality: 39 countries, also with GDI from 1.025 (
- Group 3: GDI from 0.9251 = gap below 7.5% = average equality: 22 countries
- Group 4: GDI from 0.9001 = gap below 10.0% = medium-low equality: 8 countries
- Group 5: GDI u. 0.9001 = gap from 10.0% = low equality: 44 countries
- 23 countries with insufficient data
In the case of the gaps, no distinction is made between values in the plus area (disadvantage for women) and in the minus area (disadvantage for men): GDIs above 1.025 also have a gap of at least 2.5% and therefore belong to group 2 - the highest GDI of 1.043 results in a (minus) gap of 4.3% for men in Qatar .
Human development
Independent of the 5 GDI groups, the actual HDI divides the 189 countries evaluated into the 4 groups “very high, high, medium and low human development”. A country's GDI is to be understood as a supplement to its HDI as a gendered expression of human development. All index values of the HDI, GDI and GII are calculated annually by UNDP using the latest data and the latest scientific methods, also retrospectively with regard to the index values from previous years (see the GDI list from 2000 below ).
With regard to life expectancy, the GDI assumes that women live an average of five years longer than men; Differences below this mean mean disadvantages for women, larger age differences indicate disadvantages for men. The GDI considers income gaps in relation to actual income from work , with the lower proportion of women in the professional world having an impact ( participation mostly below 40%) as well as gender-specific wage gaps ( gender pay gap ).
As a social indicator for gender-specific differences, the GDI can only be viewed in connection with a country's HDI (the degree of its “human development”). For example, if there are only a few educational opportunities (low HDI), the proportion of women and men can still be the same, while even in some countries with “high human development” access to education shows large gender gaps. The HDI rank of a country can differ significantly from its GDI rank:
- Countries with very high or high “human development” can have a low GDI, for example Saudi Arabia : Here the income is very high, which results in a high overall HDI (0.857), but the income gap is 75% (women: 18,000 $ to $ 72,000 by men). Accordingly, the country is in 36th HDI rank (out of 189), but with 0.879 it is only in GDI 135th place (out of 166). The country with the highest GDI - Qatar: 1.043 (HDI: 0.848 in 41st place ) - has an income gap of 55.2% between women ($ 57,000) and men ($ 128,000), at the same time a general gap of −4.3% to the disadvantage of men.
- Conversely, countries can have a low level of “human development” (HDI below 0.549) but have a high GDI because life expectancy, education and income are relatively gender-equitable, for example in Lesotho, South Africa : HDI rank 164 (0.518), GDI - 5th place (1,026: men are disadvantaged here).
List of countries by their GDI
The following list brings the GDI values of the country in 2018 in an order (#) and displays the values of women (?) and men (?) as the basis of calculation - the GDI results from the ratio of women's HDI to Male HDI (example Germany : ? 0.9228 divided by 0.9532 ? = 0.968 GDI in 72nd place ). The calculation of the gender-related HDI results from the three sub-indices of the areas life expectancy (from birth), school years and per capita income of women and men (in international dollars adjusted for purchasing power ). The school years are displayed here as the arithmetic mean of the two indicators "Expected school attendance" (aged 6 to 24, including studies, max. 18) and the actual "Average school attendance" (for people aged 25 and over, max. 15) , because this is an intermediate step to the gender-related HDI calculation (both indicator values are published).
The ratio of women's values to men's values results in a percentage gender gap as a gap to the respective gender equality ; in the case of gaps in the minus area, there is a lack of equality for men - as is the case with GDI values over 1,000 (in 22 countries in the first "places").
The Gulf state of Qatar has the highest GDI with 1.043 because the HDI value for women there is 0.8733 higher than the HDI value for men (0.8370) - but the value arithmetically means 4.3% disadvantage for men (Germany: 0.968 = 3.2% disadvantage for women). Mongolia , Latvia , Lithuania and Lesotho (GDI 1,026) follow in 2nd to 5th place . The general gap in these five countries is above 2.5%, which is why they do not belong to the first group with “high equality” ( high equality: 53 countries with a gap below 2.5%). The three DA-CH countries only belong to the second group with “medium-high equality” (39 countries with a gap below 5.0%). The global GDI average is 0.941 (5.9% gap). Afghanistan (0.723), Yemen (0.458) and Niger ( 0.298) have the lowest values in the fifth group (“low equality”: 44 countries ). The main cause of this low GDI is the income gap, because men have almost twice the income of women. Only two countries reported higher incomes for women than men: Burundi and Liberia ($ 763 versus $ 555). The greatest differences in the expected years of life from birth have some Eastern European countries and Russia , where women live over 10 years longer than men (set average: 5 years longer). The result for Syria (11.2 years) can be explained by the civil war since 2011 with many deaths. Kuwait (0.07%) and Kazakhstan (0.14%) have the smallest gap between the HDI value for women and that for men .
The list begins with the average values (ø) of the 166 members of the United Nations (UN), which were evaluated by UNDP (as of October 2019), as well as the values of the 36 OECD countries - the three DA-CH countries are marked with flags (from 72nd place ), the country with the highest HDI value is highlighted in green ( Norway : 0.954 on HDI rank 1 and GDI 0.990 on rank 31 ):
Country 2018 | # | GDI |
= HDI woman |
to HDI man |
= Gap | Years of life <· 5.0 ·> | School years ( averaged ) | Per capita income ( $ ) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
? | ? | ↔ | ? | ? | Gap | ? $ | ? $ | Gap | |||||||
166 UN members ø | 101 | 0.941 | 0.7070 | 0.7510 | 5.86% | 74.9 | 70.4 | 4.5 y. | 10.3 | 10.8 | 4.6% | 11,246 | 20,167 | 44.2% | |
36 OECD countries ø | 56 | 0.976 | 0.8820 | 0.9030 | 2.40% | 83.0 | 77.7 | 5.3 y. | 14.3 | 14.1 | −1.4% | 31,016 | 50,530 | 38.6% | |
Qatar | 1 | 1.043 | 0.8733 | 0.8370 | −4.34% | 81.9 | 79.0 | 2.9 y. | 12.6 | 10.2 | −23.5% | 57.209 | 127,774 | 55.2% | |
Mongolia | 2 | 1.031 | 0.7457 | 0.7236 | −3.05% | 74.0 | 65.6 | 8.4 y. | 12.7 | 11.8 | −7.2% | 9,666 | 11,931 | 19.0% | |
Latvia | 3 | 1.030 | 0.8653 | 0.8398 | −3.04% | 79.9 | 70.1 | 9.8 y. | 14.9 | 13.9 | −7.2% | 21,857 | 31,520 | 30.7% | |
Lithuania | 4th | 1.028 | 0.8804 | 0.8564 | −2.80% | 81.2 | 70.1 | 11.1 y. | 15.0 | 14.6 | −2.7% | 25,665 | 34,560 | 25.7% | |
Lesotho | 5 | 1.026 | 0.5222 | 0.5091 | −2.55% | 57.0 | 50.6 | 6.4 y. | 9.1 | 7.9 | −14.6% | 2,641 | 3,864 | 31.7% | |
Uruguay | 6th | 1.016 | 0.8097 | 0.7969 | −1.61% | 81.4 | 74.0 | 7.4 y. | 13.1 | 11.8 | −11.1% | 14,901 | 24,292 | 38.7% | |
Estonia | 7th | 1.016 | 0.8859 | 0.8721 | −1.57% | 82.6 | 74.1 | 8.5 y. | 15.1 | 14.0 | −8.2% | 22,999 | 38,653 | 40.5% | |
Russia | 8th | 1.015 | 0.8283 | 0.8161 | −1.50% | 77.6 | 66.9 | 10.7 y. | 13.9 | 13.7 | −1.8% | 19,969 | 30,904 | 35.4% | |
Venezuela | 9 | 1.013 | 0.6548 | 0.6463 | −1.32% | 76.1 | 68.4 | 7.7 y. | 12.3 | 10.9 | −12.4% | 6,655 | 11,546 | 42.4% | |
Nicaragua | 10 | 1.013 | 0.7285 | 0.7193 | −1.27% | 77.8 | 70.7 | 7.1 y. | 9.8 | 9.2 | −6.5% | 4,277 | 5,318 | 19.6% | |
Belarus | 11 | 1.010 | 0.8197 | 0.8113 | −1.03% | 79.4 | 69.4 | 10.0 y. | 14.0 | 13.7 | −1.8% | 13,923 | 20,616 | 32.5% | |
Barbados | 12 | 1.010 | 0.8164 | 0.8080 | −1.03% | 80.4 | 77.7 | 2.7 y. | 13.8 | 12.1 | −14.1% | 13,686 | 18,292 | 25.2% | |
Namibia | 13 | 1.009 | 0.6474 | 0.6414 | −0.95% | 66.2 | 60.4 | 5.8 y. | 10.0 | 9.6 | −4.7% | 8,917 | 10,497 | 15.1% | |
Poland | 14th | 1.009 | 0.8742 | 0.8668 | −0.85% | 82.4 | 74.6 | 7.8 y. | 14.8 | 14.0 | −6.1% | 21,876 | 33,739 | 35.2% | |
Moldova, Republic | 15th | 1.007 | 0.7136 | 0.7086 | −0.71% | 76.1 | 67.5 | 8.6 y. | 11.7 | 11.5 | −2.2% | 5,886 | 7,861 | 25.1% | |
Panama | 16 | 1.005 | 0.7939 | 0.7902 | −0.46% | 81.6 | 75.2 | 6.4 y. | 11.9 | 11.0 | −7.7% | 16,106 | 24,788 | 35.0% | |
Philippines | 17th | 1.004 | 0.7122 | 0.7096 | −0.37% | 75.4 | 67.1 | 8.3 y. | 11.3 | 10.8 | −4.6% | 7,541 | 11,518 | 34.5% | |
Dominican. republic | 18th | 1.003 | 0.7440 | 0.7415 | −0.34% | 77.2 | 70.8 | 6.4 y. | 11.6 | 10.6 | −9.5% | 11,176 | 18,974 | 41.1% | |
Burundi | 19th | 1.003 | 0.4217 | 0.4203 | −0.32% | 63.0 | 59.4 | 3.6 y. | 6.8 | 7.7 | 11.1% | 763 | 555 | −37.5% | |
Vietnam | 20th | 1.003 | 0.6934 | 0.6915 | −0.27% | 79.4 | 71.2 | 8.2 y. | 10.4 | 10.5 | 1.0% | 5,739 | 6.703 | 14.4% | |
Slovenia | 21st | 1.003 | 0.9018 | 0.8995 | −0.26% | 83.9 | 78.4 | 5.5 y. | 15.2 | 14.5 | −4.8% | 28,832 | 35,487 | 18.8% | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 22nd | 1.002 | 0.7980 | 0.7963 | −0.21% | 76.1 | 70.8 | 5.3 y. | 12.5 | 11.5 | −8.7% | 22,266 | 34,878 | 36.2% | |
Kuwait | 23 | 0.999 | 0.8022 | 0.8028 | 0.07% | 76.5 | 74.7 | 1.8 y. | 11.2 | 9.9 | −12.6% | 49,067 | 85,620 | 42.7% | |
Kazakhstan | 24 | 0.999 | 0.8141 | 0.8153 | 0.14% | 77.3 | 68.8 | 8.5 y. | 13.8 | 13.3 | −3.4% | 16,492 | 28.197 | 41.5% | |
Thailand | 25th | 0.995 | 0.7627 | 0.7662 | 0.45% | 80.7 | 73.2 | 7.5 y. | 11.2 | 11.3 | 0.9% | 14,319 | 18,033 | 20.6% | |
Ukraine | 26th | 0.995 | 0.7452 | 0.7489 | 0.49% | 76.7 | 67.0 | 9.7 y. | 13.3 | 13.1 | −1.5% | 6,064 | 10,232 | 40.7% | |
Brazil | 27 | 0.995 | 0.7571 | 0.7608 | 0.49% | 79.4 | 72.0 | 7.4 y. | 12.0 | 11.3 | −5.8% | 10,432 | 17,827 | 41.5% | |
Bulgaria | 28 | 0.993 | 0.8119 | 0.8179 | 0.74% | 78.5 | 71.4 | 7.1 y. | 13.5 | 13.2 | −1.9% | 15,621 | 23,905 | 34.7% | |
Slovakia | 29 | 0.992 | 0.8521 | 0.8586 | 0.76% | 80.8 | 73.8 | 7.0 y. | 13.8 | 13.4 | −2.6% | 23,683 | 38,045 | 37.8% | |
United States | 30th | 0.991 | 0.9148 | 0.9227 | 0.86% | 81.4 | 76.3 | 5.1 y. | 15.2 | 14.6 | −4.5% | 44,465 | 68,061 | 34.7% | |
Norway | 31 | 0.990 | 0.9456 | 0.9548 | 0.96% | 84.3 | 80.3 | 4.0 y. | 15.7 | 15.0 | −5.0% | 60.283 | 75,688 | 20.4% | |
Finland | 32 | 0.990 | 0.9198 | 0.9292 | 1.02% | 84.6 | 78.9 | 5.7 y. | 16.4 | 15.4 | −6.2% | 35,066 | 48,689 | 28.0% | |
Botswana | 33 | 0.990 | 0.7230 | 0.7307 | 1.05% | 72.0 | 66.2 | 5.8 y. | 11.0 | 11.1 | 0.5% | 14,176 | 17,854 | 20.6% | |
Canada | 34 | 0.989 | 0.9159 | 0.9260 | 1.09% | 84.3 | 80.3 | 4.0 y. | 15.1 | 14.4 | −4.9% | 35,118 | 52.221 | 32.8% | |
Croatia | 35 | 0.989 | 0.8323 | 0.8419 | 1.14% | 81.5 | 75.1 | 6.4 y. | 13.3 | 13.2 | −1.1% | 19,441 | 26,960 | 27.9% | |
Singapore | 36 | 0.988 | 0.9294 | 0.9405 | 1.19% | 85.6 | 81.3 | 4.3 y. | 13.8 | 14.1 | 1.8% | 74,600 | 92.163 | 19.1% | |
Argentina | 37 | 0.988 | 0.8176 | 0.8276 | 1.21% | 79.9 | 73.1 | 6.8 y. | 14.8 | 13.5 | −10.0% | 12,084 | 23,419 | 48.4% | |
Brunei | 38 | 0.987 | 0.8367 | 0.8478 | 1.31% | 77.0 | 74.6 | 2.4 y. | 12.0 | 11.6 | −3.5% | 65,914 | 86,071 | 23.4% | |
Colombia | 39 | 0.986 | 0.7547 | 0.7652 | 1.37% | 79.9 | 74.3 | 5.6 y. | 11.7 | 11.3 | −4.0% | 10,236 | 15,656 | 34.6% | |
Romania | 40 | 0.986 | 0.8094 | 0.8207 | 1.37% | 79.4 | 72.5 | 6.9 y. | 12.6 | 12.6 | 0.0% | 19,487 | 28,569 | 31.8% | |
Jamaica | 41 | 0.986 | 0.7190 | 0.7292 | 1.40% | 76.0 | 72.8 | 3.2 y. | 12.0 | 11.0 | −9.1% | 6.326 | 9,559 | 33.8% | |
France | 42 | 0.984 | 0.8830 | 0.8970 | 1.56% | 85.4 | 79.6 | 5.8 y. | 13.5 | 13.4 | −0.7% | 33.002 | 48,510 | 32.0% | |
South Africa | 43 | 0.984 | 0.6983 | 0.7095 | 1.58% | 67.4 | 60.5 | 6.9 y. | 12.0 | 11.9 | −0.8% | 9,035 | 14,554 | 37.9% | |
Portugal | 44 | 0.984 | 0.8426 | 0.8563 | 1.60% | 84.7 | 78.8 | 5.9 y. | 12.7 | 12.8 | 0.8% | 23,627 | 32,738 | 27.8% | |
Hungary | 45 | 0.984 | 0.8364 | 0.8501 | 1.61% | 80.1 | 73.1 | 7.0 y. | 13.6 | 13.5 | −0.7% | 21,010 | 33.906 | 38.0% | |
Cape Verde | 46 | 0.984 | 0.6442 | 0.6547 | 1.62% | 76.0 | 69.3 | 6.7 y. | 9.1 | 9.1 | 0.0% | 5,523 | 7,497 | 26.3% | |
Cyprus, Republic | 47 | 0.983 | 0.8647 | 0.8796 | 1.69% | 82.9 | 78.7 | 4.2 y. | 13.6 | 13.3 | −2.3% | 27,791 | 38,404 | 27.6% | |
Czech Republic | 48 | 0.983 | 0.8816 | 0.8968 | 1.70% | 81.8 | 76.6 | 5.2 y. | 15.1 | 14.6 | −3.4% | 24,114 | 39,327 | 38.7% | |
Belize | 49 | 0.983 | 0.7130 | 0.7255 | 1.72% | 77.7 | 71.6 | 6.1 y. | 11.7 | 11.3 | −3.1% | 5,665 | 8,619 | 34.3% | |
Sweden | 50 | 0.982 | 0.9275 | 0.9447 | 1.82% | 84.4 | 80.9 | 3.5 y. | 16.1 | 15.2 | −5.9% | 41,919 | 53,979 | 22.3% | |
Spain | 51 | 0.981 | 0.8819 | 0.8993 | 1.93% | 86.1 | 80.7 | 5.4 y. | 14.0 | 13.8 | −1.5% | 28,086 | 42,250 | 33.5% | |
Denmark | 52 | 0.980 | 0.9201 | 0.9385 | 1.95% | 82.8 | 78.8 | 4.0 y. | 16.3 | 15.4 | −5.5% | 41,026 | 56,732 | 27.7% | |
Ecuador | 53 | 0.980 | 0.7477 | 0.7631 | 2.01% | 79.6 | 74.1 | 5.5 y. | 12.3 | 11.6 | −6.0% | 7,319 | 12,960 | 43.5% | |
Georgia | 54 | 0.979 | 0.7746 | 0.7913 | 2.12% | 78.0 | 69.2 | 8.8 y. | 14.3 | 14.0 | −1.8% | 6,505 | 12,929 | 49.7% | |
Costa Rica | 55 | 0.977 | 0.7815 | 0.7998 | 2.29% | 82.7 | 77.5 | 5.2 y. | 12.3 | 11.7 | −5.1% | 10,566 | 19,015 | 44.4% | |
Japan | 56 | 0.976 | 0.9012 | 0.9229 | 2.35% | 87.5 | 81.3 | 6.2 y. | 14.1 | 14.0 | −1.1% | 28,784 | 53,384 | 46.1% | |
Serbia | 57 | 0.976 | 0.7891 | 0.8082 | 2.36% | 78.5 | 73.3 | 5.2 y. | 13.0 | 13.0 | −0.4% | 12,549 | 17,995 | 30.3% | |
Australia | 58 | 0.975 | 0.9257 | 0.9493 | 2.49% | 85.3 | 81.3 | 4.0 y. | 17.7 | 17.1 | −3.2% | 35,900 | 52,359 | 31.4% | |
Ireland | 59 | 0.975 | 0.9288 | 0.9527 | 2.51% | 83.7 | 80.4 | 3.3 y. | 15.8 | 15.5 | −1.9% | 44,921 | 66,583 | 32.5% | |
St. Lucia | 60 | 0.975 | 0.7341 | 0.7531 | 2.52% | 77.4 | 74.7 | 2.7 y. | 11.5 | 10.9 | −5.5% | 9,085 | 14,046 | 35.3% | |
Mauritius | 61 | 0.974 | 0.7820 | 0.8032 | 2.64% | 78.4 | 71.5 | 6.9 y. | 12.4 | 12.0 | −3.8% | 14,261 | 31,385 | 54.6% | |
Guyana | 62 | 0.973 | 0.6560 | 0.6739 | 2.66% | 73.0 | 66.8 | 6.2 y. | 10.4 | 9.6 | −8.9% | 4,676 | 10,533 | 55.6% | |
Armenia | 63 | 0.972 | 0.7457 | 0.7671 | 2.79% | 78.4 | 71.2 | 7.2 y. | 12.7 | 12.3 | −3.3% | 6,342 | 12,581 | 49.6% | |
Belgium | 64 | 0.972 | 0.9045 | 0.9309 | 2.84% | 83.8 | 79.1 | 4.7 y. | 16.1 | 15.4 | −4.9% | 34,928 | 52,927 | 34.0% | |
Suriname | 65 | 0.972 | 0.7101 | 0.7308 | 2.84% | 74.9 | 68.4 | 6.5 y. | 11.2 | 10.8 | −3.7% | 7,953 | 15,868 | 49.9% | |
Israel | 66 | 0.972 | 0.8909 | 0.9169 | 2.84% | 84.4 | 81.1 | 3.3 y. | 14.8 | 14.2 | −4.2% | 24,616 | 42,792 | 42.5% | |
Malaysia | 67 | 0.972 | 0.7915 | 0.8147 | 2.85% | 78.2 | 74.1 | 4.1 y. | 11.9 | 11.7 | −1.7% | 20,820 | 33,279 | 37.4% | |
Albania | 68 | 0.971 | 0.7789 | 0.8019 | 2.87% | 80.2 | 76.8 | 3.4 y. | 12.9 | 12.5 | −2.8% | 9,781 | 14,725 | 33.6% | |
Honduras | 69 | 0.970 | 0.6114 | 0.6301 | 2.96% | 77.4 | 72.8 | 4.6 y. | 8.6 | 8.2 | −4.9% | 3.214 | 5,305 | 39.4% | |
Luxembourg | 70 | 0.970 | 0.8932 | 0.9206 | 2.97% | 84.2 | 80.0 | 4.2 y. | 13.1 | 13.4 | 2.2% | 53.006 | 77,851 | 31.9% | |
El Salvador | 71 | 0.969 | 0.6541 | 0.6749 | 3.07% | 77.6 | 68.2 | 9.4 y. | 9.3 | 9.8 | 5.1% | 5,234 | 8,944 | 41.5% | |
Germany | 72 | 0.968 | 0.9228 | 0.9532 | 3.20% | 83.6 | 78.8 | 4.8 y. | 15.4 | 15.9 | 3.5% | 38,470 | 55,649 | 30.9% | |
Paraguay | 73 | 0.968 | 0.7101 | 0.7335 | 3.20% | 76.3 | 72.2 | 4.1 y. | 10.9 | 10.3 | −5.3% | 8,325 | 15.001 | 44.5% | |
Italy | 74 | 0.967 | 0.8659 | 0.8952 | 3.27% | 85.4 | 81.1 | 4.3 y. | 13.3 | 13.2 | −0.8% | 26,471 | 46,360 | 42.9% | |
United Kingdom | 75 | 0.967 | 0.9035 | 0.9346 | 3.33% | 83.0 | 79.5 | 3.5 y. | 15.5 | 15.1 | −2.7% | 28,526 | 50,771 | 43.8% | |
Netherlands | 76 | 0.967 | 0.9157 | 0.9473 | 3.34% | 83.8 | 80.4 | 3.4 y. | 15.1 | 15.2 | 0.3% | 40,573 | 59,536 | 31.9% | |
Iceland | 77 | 0.966 | 0.9214 | 0.9538 | 3.40% | 84.4 | 81.3 | 3.1 y. | 16.4 | 15.4 | −6.5% | 39,246 | 55,824 | 29.7% | |
Montenegro | 78 | 0.966 | 0.8009 | 0.8295 | 3.45% | 79.2 | 74.3 | 4.9 y. | 13.0 | 13.4 | 2.6% | 14,457 | 20,634 | 29.9% | |
Society. Arab. Emirates | 79 | 0.965 | 0.8317 | 0.8617 | 3.49% | 79.2 | 77.1 | 2.1 y. | 13.2 | 11.6 | −13.4% | 24,211 | 85,772 | 71.8% | |
Malta | 80 | 0.965 | 0.8670 | 0.8988 | 3.54% | 84.1 | 80.5 | 3.6 y. | 13.7 | 13.5 | −1.5% | 25,023 | 44,518 | 43.8% | |
New Zealand | 81 | 0.963 | 0.9019 | 0.9361 | 3.65% | 83.9 | 80.4 | 3.5 y. | 16.2 | 15.4 | −5.2% | 26,754 | 43,745 | 38.8% | |
Switzerland | 82 | 0.963 | 0.9243 | 0.9594 | 3.66% | 85.5 | 81.7 | 3.8 y. | 14.4 | 15.0 | 3.7% | 49,275 | 69,649 | 29.3% | |
Hong Kong | 83 | 0.963 | 0.9188 | 0.9538 | 3.67% | 87.6 | 81.8 | 5.8 y. | 14.0 | 14.6 | 3.8% | 43,852 | 79,385 | 44.8% | |
Austria | 84 | 0.963 | 0.8949 | 0.9293 | 3.70% | 83.8 | 79.0 | 4.8 y. | 14.5 | 14.5 | 0.3% | 32,618 | 60,303 | 45.9% | |
Country 2018 | # | GDI | HDI ? | HDI ? | = Gap | ? | ? | ↔ | ? | ? | Gap | Mrs. $ | Man $ | $ Gap | |
Greece | 85 | 0.963 | 0.8541 | 0.8872 | 3.73% | 84.5 | 79.6 | 4.9 y. | 13.7 | 14.2 | 3.2% | 19,747 | 30,264 | 34.8% | |
Swaziland | 86 | 0.962 | 0.5950 | 0.6183 | 3.77% | 64.0 | 55.3 | 8.7 y. | 8.6 | 9.5 | 9.0% | 7,030 | 11,798 | 40.4% | |
Chile | 87 | 0.962 | 0.8276 | 0.8604 | 3.81% | 82.4 | 77.6 | 4.8 y. | 13.6 | 13.5 | −0.7% | 15,211 | 28,933 | 47.4% | |
China, People's Republic | 88 | 0.961 | 0.7412 | 0.7715 | 3.93% | 79.1 | 74.5 | 4.6 y. | 10.8 | 11.0 | 1.8% | 12,665 | 19,410 | 34.8% | |
Kyrgyzstan | 89 | 0.959 | 0.6558 | 0.6835 | 4.06% | 75.5 | 67.3 | 8.2 y. | 12.3 | 12.0 | −2.5% | 2,192 | 4,465 | 50.9% | |
Mexico | 90 | 0.957 | 0.7472 | 0.7805 | 4.27% | 77.8 | 72.1 | 5.7 y. | 11.5 | 11.4 | −0.9% | 11,254 | 24,286 | 53.7% | |
Myanmar | 91 | 0.953 | 0.5662 | 0.5939 | 4.67% | 69.9 | 63.8 | 6.1 y. | 7.8 | 7.5 | −3.3% | 3,613 | 8,076 | 55.3% | |
Peru | 92 | 0.951 | 0.7384 | 0.7763 | 4.89% | 79.3 | 73.8 | 5.5 y. | 11.4 | 11.7 | 2.6% | 8,839 | 15,854 | 44.2% | |
Zambia | 93 | 0.949 | 0.5752 | 0.6059 | 5.07% | 66.4 | 60.5 | 5.9 y. | 9.2 | 10.0 | 8.5% | 3,011 | 4.164 | 27.7% | |
Cuba | 94 | 0.948 | 0.7527 | 0.7936 | 5.15% | 80.7 | 76.8 | 3.9 y. | 13.3 | 12.8 | −3.9% | 5,035 | 10,625 | 52.6% | |
North Macedonia | 95 | 0.947 | 0.7368 | 0.7781 | 5.31% | 77.7 | 73.7 | 4.0 y. | 11.4 | 11.8 | 3.0% | 9,464 | 16,279 | 41.9% | |
Madagascar | 96 | 0.946 | 0.5042 | 0.5328 | 5.36% | 68.3 | 65.1 | 3.2 y. | 8.4 | 8.1 | −3.1% | 1,119 | 1,690 | 33.8% | |
Tonga | 97 | 0.944 | 0.6919 | 0.7327 | 5.57% | 72.8 | 68.9 | 3.9 y. | 12.9 | 12.6 | −2.4% | 3.817 | 7,747 | 50.7% | |
Guatemala | 98 | 0.943 | 0.6285 | 0.6664 | 5.70% | 76.9 | 71.1 | 5.8 y. | 8.5 | 8.7 | 2.3% | 4,864 | 9,970 | 51.2% | |
Rwanda | 99 | 0.943 | 0.5197 | 0.5511 | 5.70% | 70.8 | 66.5 | 4.3 y. | 7.6 | 8.1 | 6.2% | 1,708 | 2,218 | 23.0% | |
Oman | 100 | 0.943 | 0.7929 | 0.8411 | 5.74% | 80.1 | 75.9 | 4.2 y. | 13.1 | 11.8 | −11.1% | 11,435 | 50,238 | 77.2% | |
Azerbaijan | 101 | 0.940 | 0.7280 | 0.7741 | 5.96% | 75.3 | 70.3 | 5.0 y. | 11.3 | 11.7 | 3.0% | 9,849 | 20,656 | 52.3% | |
Maldives | 102 | 0.939 | 0.6892 | 0.7340 | 6.10% | 80.5 | 77.2 | 3.3 y. | 9.5 | 9.5 | 0.0% | 7,454 | 15,576 | 52.1% | |
Uzbekistan | 103 | 0.939 | 0.6854 | 0.7303 | 6.15% | 73.7 | 69.4 | 4.3 y. | 11.6 | 12.0 | 3.8% | 4,656 | 8,277 | 43.7% | |
Sri Lanka | 104 | 0.938 | 0.7494 | 0.7994 | 6.25% | 80.1 | 73.4 | 6.7 y. | 12.4 | 12.7 | 2.4% | 6,766 | 16,852 | 59.9% | |
Indonesia | 105 | 0.937 | 0.6813 | 0.7269 | 6.27% | 73.7 | 69.4 | 4.3 y. | 10.3 | 10.7 | 3.8% | 7,672 | 14,789 | 48.1% | |
Bahrain | 106 | 0.937 | 0.7998 | 0.8539 | 6.34% | 78.3 | 76.3 | 2.0 y. | 12.7 | 12.1 | −5.0% | 18,422 | 52,949 | 65.2% | |
Bolivia | 107 | 0.936 | 0.6777 | 0.7240 | 6.39% | 74.2 | 68.4 | 5.8 y. | 11.2 | 11.9 | 6.3% | 4,902 | 8,780 | 44.2% | |
Tanzania | 108 | 0.936 | 0.5091 | 0.5442 | 6.44% | 66.8 | 63.2 | 3.6 y. | 6.7 | 7.3 | 8.3% | 2,436 | 3,175 | 23.3% | |
South Korea | 109 | 0.934 | 0.8699 | 0.9318 | 6.65% | 85.8 | 79.7 | 6.1 y. | 13.7 | 14.9 | 8.4% | 23,228 | 50.241 | 53.8% | |
Kenya | 110 | 0.933 | 0.5534 | 0.5930 | 6.67% | 68.7 | 64.0 | 4.7 y. | 8.2 | 9.1 | 9.9% | 2,619 | 3,490 | 25.0% | |
Libya | 111 | 0.931 | 0.6704 | 0.7202 | 6.92% | 75.8 | 69.9 | 5.9 y. | 10.5 | 9.9 | −6.1% | 4,867 | 18,363 | 73.5% | |
Congo, Rep. | 112 | 0.931 | 0.5906 | 0.6347 | 6.95% | 65.7 | 62.8 | 2.9 y. | 8.8 | 9.7 | 9.3% | 4,989 | 6,621 | 24.6% | |
Malawi | 113 | 0.930 | 0.4663 | 0.5014 | 7.00% | 66.9 | 60.7 | 6.2 y. | 7.5 | 8.1 | 6.8% | 925 | 1,400 | 33.9% | |
Laos | 114 | 0.929 | 0.5809 | 0.6250 | 7.06% | 69.4 | 65.8 | 3.6 y. | 7.8 | 8.5 | 7.7% | 5,027 | 7,595 | 33.8% | |
Zimbabwe | 115 | 0.925 | 0.5402 | 0.5841 | 7.51% | 62.6 | 59.5 | 3.1 y. | 9.0 | 9.8 | 8.7% | 2,280 | 3,080 | 26.0% | |
Turkey | 116 | 0.924 | 0.7705 | 0.8340 | 7.62% | 80.3 | 74.4 | 5.9 y. | 11.4 | 12.7 | 9.9% | 15,921 | 34,137 | 53.4% | |
Bosnia Herzegovina | 117 | 0.924 | 0.7353 | 0.7960 | 7.62% | 79.7 | 74.8 | 4.9 y. | 11.3 | 12.2 | 7.8% | 8,432 | 17.123 | 50.8% | |
Cambodia | 118 | 0.919 | 0.5567 | 0.6056 | 8.09% | 71.6 | 67.3 | 4.3 y. | 7.5 | 8.8 | 14.3% | 3.129 | 4,089 | 23.5% | |
Gabon | 119 | 0.917 | 0.6689 | 0.7294 | 8.30% | 68.3 | 64.2 | 4.1 y. | 10.0 | 11.3 | 11.1% | 11,238 | 20.183 | 44.3% | |
Ghana | 120 | 0.912 | 0.5671 | 0.6218 | 8.79% | 64.9 | 62.7 | 2.2 y. | 8.9 | 9.8 | 9.2% | 3,287 | 4,889 | 32.8% | |
Angola | 121 | 0.902 | 0.5455 | 0.6049 | 9.81% | 63.7 | 58.1 | 5.6 y. | 7.5 | 9.6 | 21.5% | 4,720 | 6,407 | 26.3% | |
Mozambique | 122 | 0.901 | 0.4217 | 0.4678 | 9.86% | 63.0 | 57.1 | 5.9 y. | 5.9 | 7.4 | 20.3% | 1,031 | 1,284 | 19.7% | |
Sao Tome & Principe | 123 | 0.900 | 0.5714 | 0.6351 | 10.03% | 72.6 | 67.8 | 4.8 y. | 9.3 | 9.9 | 6.6% | 1,885 | 4.162 | 54.7% | |
East Timor | 124 | 0.899 | 0.5895 | 0.6555 | 10.07% | 71.4 | 67.3 | 4.1 y. | 7.8 | 9.1 | 13.8% | 5,389 | 9,618 | 44.0% | |
Liberia | 125 | 0.899 | 0.4379 | 0.4873 | 10.14% | 65.1 | 62.3 | 2.8 y. | 6.2 | 8.0 | 23.1% | 1,051 | 1,030 | −2.0% | |
Tunisia | 126 | 0.899 | 0.6893 | 0.7672 | 10.15% | 78.5 | 74.5 | 4.0 y. | 11.1 | 11.2 | 0.4% | 4,737 | 16,722 | 71.7% | |
Nepal | 127 | 0.897 | 0.5489 | 0.6117 | 10.26% | 71.9 | 69.0 | 2.9 y. | 8.2 | 9.1 | 9.9% | 2.113 | 3,510 | 39.8% | |
Bangladesh | 128 | 0.895 | 0.5745 | 0.6416 | 10.45% | 74.3 | 70.6 | 3.7 y. | 8.5 | 8.8 | 4.0% | 2,373 | 5,701 | 58.4% | |
Bhutan | 129 | 0.893 | 0.5805 | 0.6498 | 10.67% | 71.8 | 71.1 | 0.7 y. | 7.2 | 8.1 | 11.7% | 6,388 | 10,579 | 39.6% | |
Lebanon | 130 | 0.891 | 0.6785 | 0.7618 | 10.94% | 80.8 | 77.1 | 3.7 y. | 10.0 | 10.3 | 2.9% | 4,667 | 17,530 | 73.4% | |
Haiti | 131 | 0.890 | 0.4774 | 0.5362 | 10.96% | 65.8 | 61.5 | 4.3 y. | 7.0 | 8.5 | 18.2% | 1,388 | 1,949 | 28.8% | |
Comoros | 132 | 0.888 | 0.5040 | 0.5675 | 11.19% | 65.9 | 62.4 | 3.5 y. | 7.5 | 8.7 | 13.3% | 1,812 | 3,030 | 40.2% | |
Benin | 133 | 0.883 | 0.4857 | 0.5498 | 11.65% | 63.0 | 59.9 | 3.1 y. | 7.2 | 9.1 | 20.9% | 1,863 | 2,407 | 22.6% | |
Sierra Leone | 134 | 0.882 | 0.4106 | 0.4653 | 11.75% | 55.1 | 53.5 | 1.6 y. | 6.3 | 7.5 | 16.7% | 1,238 | 1,525 | 18.8% | |
Saudi Arabia | 135 | 0.879 | 0.7843 | 0.8922 | 12.09% | 76.6 | 73.8 | 2.8 y. | 12.4 | 13.9 | 10.5% | 18,166 | 72,328 | 74.9% | |
Egypt | 136 | 0.878 | 0.6427 | 0.7317 | 12.17% | 74.2 | 69.6 | 4.6 y. | 9.9 | 10.6 | 6.2% | 4,364 | 16,989 | 74.3% | |
Burkina Faso | 137 | 0.875 | 0.4031 | 0.4609 | 12.53% | 61.9 | 60.4 | 1.5 y. | 4.9 | 5.6 | 13.4% | 1,336 | 2,077 | 35.7% | |
Iran | 138 | 0.874 | 0.7268 | 0.8316 | 12.60% | 77.7 | 75.4 | 2.3 y. | 12.3 | 12.5 | 1.6% | 5,809 | 30,250 | 80.8% | |
Senegal | 139 | 0.873 | 0.4760 | 0.5449 | 12.65% | 69.6 | 65.5 | 4.1 y. | 5.6 | 6.5 | 13.8% | 2.173 | 4,396 | 50.6% | |
Palestine | 140 | 0.871 | 0.6235 | 0.7156 | 12.87% | 75.6 | 72.3 | 3.3 y. | 11.3 | 10.7 | −6.1% | 1,824 | 8,705 | 79.0% | |
Cameroon | 141 | 0.869 | 0.5220 | 0.6008 | 13.11% | 60.2 | 57.7 | 2.5 y. | 8.4 | 10.7 | 22.0% | 2,724 | 3,858 | 29.4% | |
Jordan | 142 | 0.868 | 0.6543 | 0.7535 | 13.17% | 76.2 | 72.7 | 3.5 y. | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0% | 2,734 | 13,668 | 80.0% | |
Nigeria | 143 | 0.868 | 0.4917 | 0.5667 | 13.23% | 55.2 | 53.5 | 1.7 y. | 7.0 | 8.9 | 21.5% | 4,313 | 5,838 | 26.1% | |
Algeria | 144 | 0.865 | 0.6850 | 0.7923 | 13.54% | 77.9 | 75.5 | 2.4 y. | 11.3 | 11.4 | 0.9% | 4,103 | 22,981 | 82.1% | |
Uganda | 145 | 0.863 | 0.4838 | 0.5608 | 13.73% | 65.2 | 60.7 | 4.5 y. | 7.6 | 9.5 | 19.6% | 1,272 | 2,247 | 43.4% | |
Mauritania | 146 | 0.853 | 0.4791 | 0.5617 | 14.71% | 66.3 | 63.1 | 3.2 y. | 6.1 | 7.0 | 12.9% | 2,018 | 5,462 | 63.1% | |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | 147 | 0.844 | 0.4189 | 0.4963 | 15.60% | 61.9 | 58.9 | 3.0 y. | 7.0 | 9.5 | 26.3% | 684 | 917 | 25.4% | |
Ethiopia | 148 | 0.844 | 0.4277 | 0.5068 | 15.61% | 68.2 | 64.4 | 3.8 y. | 5.0 | 6.5 | 23.8% | 1,333 | 2,231 | 40.3% | |
South Sudan | 149 | 0.839 | 0.3687 | 0.4395 | 16.11% | 59.1 | 56.1 | 3.0 y. | 3.8 | 5.6 | 33.0% | 1,277 | 1,633 | 21.8% | |
Sudan | 150 | 0.837 | 0.4565 | 0.5457 | 16.35% | 66.9 | 63.3 | 3.6 y. | 5.5 | 6.3 | 12.8% | 1,759 | 6.168 | 71.5% | |
Morocco | 151 | 0.833 | 0.6030 | 0.7241 | 16.72% | 77.7 | 75.2 | 2.5 y. | 8.6 | 10.0 | 14.0% | 3,012 | 12,019 | 74.9% | |
Gambia | 152 | 0.832 | 0.4157 | 0.4996 | 16.79% | 63.2 | 60.4 | 2.8 y. | 6.3 | 6.9 | 8.8% | 800 | 2,190 | 63.5% | |
India | 153 | 0.829 | 0.5737 | 0.6923 | 17.13% | 70.7 | 68.2 | 2.5 y. | 8.8 | 10.1 | 12.4% | 2,625 | 10,712 | 75.5% | |
Togo | 154 | 0.818 | 0.4590 | 0.5612 | 18.21% | 61.6 | 59.9 | 1.7 y. | 7.4 | 10.2 | 27.6% | 1,200 | 1,989 | 39.7% | |
Mali | 155 | 0.807 | 0.3801 | 0.4710 | 19.29% | 59.6 | 58.1 | 1.5 y. | 4.3 | 5.8 | 26.7% | 1.311 | 2,618 | 49.9% | |
Guinea | 156 | 0.806 | 0.4134 | 0.5129 | 19.39% | 61.7 | 60.5 | 1.2 y. | 4.6 | 7.1 | 35.2% | 1,878 | 2,569 | 26.9% | |
Tajikistan | 157 | 0.799 | 0.5613 | 0.7029 | 20.14% | 73.2 | 68.7 | 4.5 y. | 10.5 | 11.8 | 10.6% | 1,044 | 5,881 | 82.2% | |
Ivory Coast | 158 | 0.796 | 0.4454 | 0.5593 | 20.37% | 58.7 | 56.3 | 2.4 y. | 6.2 | 8.2 | 24.5% | 1,790 | 5,355 | 66.6% | |
Central Africa | 159 | 0.795 | 0.3351 | 0.4213 | 20.46% | 55.0 | 50.6 | 4,4 y. | 4.6 | 7.3 | 36.6% | 622 | 935 | 33.5% | |
Syria | 160 | 0.795 | 0.4574 | 0.5751 | 20.47% | 77.8 | 66.6 | 11.2 y. | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.6% | 656 | 4,779 | 86.3% | |
Iraq | 161 | 0.789 | 0.5874 | 0.7441 | 21.07% | 72.5 | 68.4 | 4.1 y. | 8.1 | 10.4 | 21.7% | 3.712 | 26,745 | 86.1% | |
Chad | 162 | 0.774 | 0.3474 | 0.4486 | 22.55% | 55.4 | 52.6 | 2.8 y. | 3.7 | 6.3 | 41.6% | 1,377 | 2,056 | 33.0% | |
Pakistan | 163 | 0.747 | 0.4643 | 0.6216 | 25.31% | 68.1 | 66.2 | 1.9 y. | 5.8 | 7.9 | 26.6% | 1,570 | 8,605 | 81.8% | |
Afghanistan | 164 | 0.723 | 0.4108 | 0.5682 | 27.71% | 66.0 | 63.0 | 3.0 y. | 4.9 | 9.3 | 47.0% | 1.102 | 2,355 | 53.2% | |
Yemen | 165 | 0.458 | 0.2449 | 0.5352 | 54.25% | 67.8 | 64.4 | 3.4 y. | 4.7 | 7.3 | 35.9% | 168 | 2,679 | 93.7% | |
Niger | 166 | 0.298 | 0.1298 | 0.4352 | 70.18% | 63.2 | 60.9 | 2.3 y. | 3.6 | 5.0 | 27.3% | 112 | 1,705 | 93.4% | |
166 UN members ø | 101 | 0.941 | 0.7070 | 0.7510 | 5.86% | 74.9 | 70.4 | 4.5 y. | 10.3 | 10.8 | 4.6% | 11,246 | 20,167 | 44.2% | |
Country 2018 | # | GDI |
= HDI woman |
to HDI man |
= Gap | ? | ? | ↔ | ? | ? | Gap | Mrs. $ | Man $ | $ Gap | |
Years of life <· 5.0 ·> | School years ( averaged ) | Per capita income ( $ ) |
GDI list from 2000
The following list compares the GDI of 166 countries with their basic HDI ( index of human development ) and their GII ( index of gender inequality ), together with the changes in the GDI since 2017, since 2013 and retrospectively since 2000, all based on the data and calculation methods from 2019 (see above for the connection between HDI and GDI ) - the three DA-CH countries are HDI rank 4 , rank 20 and rank 2 , Norway has the highest HDI ( 0.954 in green ):
Country 2018 | comparison | GDI | # | from 2017 | from 2013 | from 2000 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HDI | rank | GII | rank | # | +/- | GDI | # | +/- | GDI | +/- | GDI | ||||
166 UN members ø | 0.731 | 93 | 0.439 | 100 | 0.941 | 101 | +1 | −0.001 | 0.942 | −3 | +0.002 | 0.939 | +0.028 | 0.913 | |
36 OECD countries ø | 0.895 | 25th | 0.182 | 42 | 0.976 | 56 | −0.001 | 0.977 | +0.001 | 0.975 | +0.013 | 0.963 | |||
Qatar | 0.848 | 41 | 0.202 | 45 | 1.043 | 1 | −0.002 | 1.045 | +0.007 | 1.036 | +0.026 | 1.017 | |||
Mongolia | 0.735 | 92 | 0.322 | 71 | 1.031 | 2 | +2 | +0.003 | 1.028 | +7 | +0.016 | 1.015 | +0.022 | 1.009 | |
Latvia | 0.854 | 39 | 0.169 | 40 | 1.030 | 3 | −1 | 0.000 | 1.030 | +1 | +0.002 | 1.028 | −0.002 | 1.032 | |
Lithuania | 0.869 | 34 | 0.124 | 33 | 1.028 | 4th | −1 | −0.001 | 1.029 | −2 | −0.004 | 1.032 | +0.006 | 1.022 | |
Lesotho | 0.518 | 164 | 0.546 | 135 | 1.026 | 5 | 0.000 | 1.026 | −2 | −0.003 | 1.029 | +0.019 | 1.007 | ||
Uruguay | 0.808 | 57 | 0.275 | 59 | 1.016 | 6th | 0.000 | 1.016 | +5 | +0.007 | 1.009 | +0.016 | 1,000 | ||
Estonia | 0.882 | 30th | 0.091 | 21st | 1.016 | 7th | 0.000 | 1.016 | −0.004 | 1.020 | −0.016 | 1.032 | |||
Russia | 0.824 | 49 | 0.255 | 54 | 1.015 | 8th | 0.000 | 1.015 | −3 | −0.008 | 1.023 | −0.016 | 1.031 | ||
Venezuela | 0.726 | 96 | 0.458 | 106 | 1.013 | 9 | −0.001 | 1.014 | −3 | −0.010 | 1.023 | +0.028 | 0.985 | ||
Nicaragua | 0.651 | 126 | 0.455 | 105 | 1.013 | 10 | 0.000 | 1.013 | +82 | +0.066 | 0.947 | +0.106 | 0.907 | ||
Belarus | 0.817 | 50 | 0.119 | 27 | 1.010 | 11 | −0.003 | 1.013 | −3 | −0.009 | 1.019 | −0.012 | 1.022 | ||
Barbados | 0.813 | 56 | 0.256 | 55 | 1.010 | 12 | −0.001 | 1.011 | −2 | 0.000 | 1.010 | +0.021 | 0.989 | ||
Namibia | 0.645 | 130 | 0.460 | 108 | 1.009 | 13 | 0.000 | 1.009 | +10 | +0.013 | 0.996 | +0.063 | 0.946 | ||
Poland | 0.872 | 32 | 0.120 | 30th | 1.009 | 14th | 0.000 | 1.009 | −1 | +0.001 | 1.008 | +0.017 | 0.992 | ||
Moldova, Republic | 0.711 | 107 | 0.228 | 50 | 1.007 | 15th | −0.002 | 1.009 | −1 | −0.001 | 1.008 | +0.020 | 0.987 | ||
Panama | 0.795 | 67 | 0.460 | 108 | 1.005 | 16 | +1 | 0.000 | 1.005 | +8 | +0.011 | 0.994 | +0.027 | 0.978 | |
Philippines | 0.712 | 106 | 0.425 | 98 | 1.004 | 17th | +2 | +0.001 | 1.003 | −1 | +0.003 | 1.001 | +0.028 | 0.976 | |
Dominican. republic | 0.745 | 89 | 0.453 | 104 | 1.003 | 18th | −2 | −0.003 | 1.006 | +18 | +0.016 | 0.987 | ... | ... | |
Burundi | 0.423 | 185 | 0.520 | 124 | 1.003 | 19th | +2 | +0.001 | 1.002 | +9 | +0.012 | 0.991 | +0.172 | 0.831 | |
Vietnam | 0.693 | 118 | 0.314 | 68 | 1.003 | 20th | 0.000 | 1.003 | −3 | +0.002 | 1.001 | +0.047 | 0.956 | ||
Slovenia | 0.902 | 24 | 0.069 | 12 | 1.003 | 21st | −3 | −0.002 | 1.005 | +1 | +0.006 | 0.997 | +0.009 | 0.994 | |
Trinidad and Tobago | 0.799 | 63 | 0.324 | 72 | 1.002 | 22nd | 0.000 | 1.002 | −1 | +0.003 | 0.999 | +0.054 | 0.948 | ||
Kuwait | 0.808 | 57 | 0.245 | 53 | 0.999 | 23 | −0.001 | 1,000 | −5 | −0.001 | 1,000 | +0.021 | 0.978 | ||
Kazakhstan | 0.817 | 50 | 0.203 | 46 | 0.999 | 24 | −0.001 | 1,000 | −12 | −0.010 | 1.009 | −0.005 | 1.004 | ||
Thailand | 0.765 | 77 | 0.377 | 84 | 0.995 | 25th | −0.001 | 0.996 | −6 | −0.005 | 1,000 | +0.018 | 0.977 | ||
Ukraine | 0.750 | 88 | 0.284 | 60 | 0.995 | 26th | 0.000 | 0.995 | −6 | −0.005 | 1,000 | +0.008 | 0.987 | ||
Brazil | 0.761 | 79 | 0.386 | 89 | 0.995 | 27 | 0.000 | 0.995 | −12 | −0.008 | 1.003 | +0.009 | 0.986 | ||
Bulgaria | 0.816 | 52 | 0.218 | 48 | 0.993 | 28 | +2 | +0.001 | 0.992 | +1 | +0.002 | 0.991 | +0.020 | 0.973 | |
Slovakia | 0.857 | 36 | 0.190 | 43 | 0.992 | 29 | −1 | −0.002 | 0.994 | −3 | 0.000 | 0.992 | +0.006 | 0.986 | |
United States | 0.920 | 15th | 0.182 | 42 | 0.991 | 30th | −1 | −0.003 | 0.994 | −3 | −0.001 | 0.992 | +0.004 | 0.987 | |
Norway | 0.954 | 1 | 0.044 | 5 | 0.990 | 31 | −0.002 | 0.992 | −6 | −0.004 | 0.994 | +0.001 | 0.989 | ||
Finland | 0.925 | 12 | 0.050 | 7th | 0.990 | 32 | +1 | 0.000 | 0.990 | +2 | +0.002 | 0.988 | −0.007 | 0.997 | |
Botswana | 0.728 | 94 | 0.464 | 111 | 0.990 | 33 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.989 | +10 | +0.006 | 0.984 | +0.022 | 0.968 | |
Canada | 0.922 | 13 | 0.083 | 18th | 0.989 | 34 | +1 | 0.000 | 0.989 | −2 | 0.000 | 0.989 | +0.012 | 0.977 | |
Croatia | 0.837 | 46 | 0.122 | 31 | 0.989 | 35 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.988 | +2 | +0.002 | 0.987 | +0.025 | 0.964 | |
Singapore | 0.935 | 9 | 0.065 | 11 | 0.988 | 36 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.987 | +10 | +0.007 | 0.981 | +0.050 | 0.938 | |
Argentina | 0.830 | 48 | 0.354 | 77 | 0.988 | 37 | −5 | −0.003 | 0.991 | −7 | −0.003 | 0.991 | +0.006 | 0.982 | |
Brunei | 0.845 | 43 | 0.234 | 51 | 0.987 | 38 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.986 | +6 | +0.003 | 0.984 | +0.021 | 0.966 | |
Colombia | 0.761 | 79 | 0.411 | 94 | 0.986 | 39 | −1 | −0.001 | 0.987 | −1 | −0.001 | 0.987 | +0.015 | 0.971 | |
Romania | 0.816 | 52 | 0.316 | 69 | 0.986 | 40 | 0.000 | 0.986 | +0.001 | 0.985 | +0.022 | 0.964 | |||
Jamaica | 0.726 | 96 | 0.405 | 93 | 0.986 | 41 | 0.000 | 0.986 | −2 | 0.000 | 0.986 | +0.024 | 0.962 | ||
France | 0.891 | 26th | 0.051 | 8th | 0.984 | 42 | −0.002 | 0.986 | −9 | −0.005 | 0.989 | +0.001 | 0.983 | ||
South Africa | 0.705 | 113 | 0.422 | 97 | 0.984 | 43 | +3 | +0.001 | 0.983 | +4 | +0.004 | 0.980 | +0.016 | 0.968 | |
Portugal | 0.850 | 40 | 0.081 | 17th | 0.984 | 44 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.984 | −3 | −0.001 | 0.985 | +0.001 | 0.983 | |
Hungary | 0.845 | 43 | 0.258 | 56 | 0.984 | 45 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.984 | −14 | −0.007 | 0.991 | +0.001 | 0.983 | |
Cape Verde | 0.651 | 126 | 0.372 | 83 | 0.984 | 46 | +2 | +0.002 | 0.982 | −4 | −0.001 | 0.985 | +0.042 | 0.942 | |
Cyprus, Republic | 0.873 | 31 | 0.086 | 20th | 0.983 | 47 | 0.000 | 0.983 | +7 | +0.007 | 0.976 | +0.036 | 0.947 | ||
Czech Republic | 0.891 | 26th | 0.137 | 35 | 0.983 | 48 | −3 | −0.001 | 0.984 | −3 | −0.001 | 0.984 | +0.013 | 0.970 | |
Belize | 0.720 | 103 | 0.391 | 91 | 0.983 | 49 | +3 | +0.003 | 0.980 | +9 | +0.011 | 0.972 | +0.055 | 0.928 | |
Sweden | 0.937 | 8th | 0.040 | 2 | 0.982 | 50 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.982 | −15 | −0.006 | 0.988 | −0.005 | 0.987 | |
Spain | 0.893 | 25th | 0.074 | 15th | 0.981 | 51 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.981 | −3 | +0.002 | 0.979 | +0.014 | 0.967 | |
Denmark | 0.930 | 11 | 0.040 | 2 | 0.980 | 52 | −1 | −0.001 | 0.981 | −2 | +0.002 | 0.978 | −0.007 | 0.987 | |
Ecuador | 0.758 | 85 | 0.389 | 90 | 0.980 | 53 | 0.000 | 0.980 | +23 | +0.016 | 0.964 | ... | ... | ||
Georgia | 0.786 | 70 | 0.351 | 75 | 0.979 | 54 | 0.000 | 0.979 | +2 | +0.004 | 0.975 | +0.034 | 0.945 | ||
Costa Rica | 0.794 | 68 | 0.285 | 61 | 0.977 | 55 | 0.000 | 0.977 | −4 | −0.001 | 0.978 | +0.037 | 0.940 | ||
Japan | 0.915 | 19th | 0.099 | 23 | 0.976 | 56 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.975 | +12 | +0.009 | 0.967 | +0.018 | 0.958 | |
Serbia | 0.799 | 63 | 0.162 | 37 | 0.976 | 57 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.975 | +2 | +0.004 | 0.972 | +0.028 | 0.948 | |
Australia | 0.938 | 6th | 0.103 | 25th | 0.975 | 58 | +1 | 0.000 | 0.975 | −1 | +0.001 | 0.974 | +0.014 | 0.961 | |
Ireland | 0.942 | 3 | 0.093 | 22nd | 0.975 | 59 | +1 | 0.000 | 0.975 | −10 | −0.004 | 0.979 | −0.003 | 0.978 | |
St. Lucia | 0.745 | 89 | 0.333 | 73 | 0.975 | 60 | −4 | −0.001 | 0.976 | +2 | +0.004 | 0.971 | +0.012 | 0.963 | |
Mauritius | 0.796 | 66 | 0.369 | 82 | 0.974 | 61 | +8 | +0.005 | 0.969 | +20 | +0.014 | 0.960 | +0.063 | 0.911 | |
Guyana | 0.670 | 123 | 0.492 | 118 | 0.973 | 62 | −1 | −0.001 | 0.974 | −2 | +0.001 | 0.972 | +0.043 | 0.930 | |
Armenia | 0.760 | 81 | 0.259 | 57 | 0.972 | 63 | +2 | +0.001 | 0.971 | +2 | +0.002 | 0.970 | +0.038 | 0.934 | |
Belgium | 0.919 | 17th | 0.045 | 6th | 0.972 | 64 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.972 | −1 | +0.001 | 0.971 | 0.000 | 0.972 | |
Suriname | 0.724 | 98 | 0.465 | 112 | 0.972 | 65 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.971 | −10 | −0.004 | 0.976 | ... | ... | |
Israel | 0.906 | 22nd | 0.100 | 24 | 0.972 | 66 | −2 | 0.000 | 0.972 | −5 | 0.000 | 0.972 | −0.003 | 0.975 | |
Malaysia | 0.804 | 61 | 0.274 | 58 | 0.972 | 67 | −5 | −0.001 | 0.973 | −1 | +0.002 | 0.970 | +0.046 | 0.926 | |
Albania | 0.791 | 69 | 0.234 | 51 | 0.971 | 68 | +9 | +0.006 | 0.965 | +1 | +0.004 | 0.967 | +0.038 | 0.933 | |
Honduras | 0.623 | 132 | 0.479 | 116 | 0.970 | 69 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.970 | +1 | +0.003 | 0.967 | +0.055 | 0.915 | |
Luxembourg | 0.909 | 21st | 0.078 | 16 | 0.970 | 70 | −3 | −0.001 | 0.971 | −6 | −0.001 | 0.971 | −0.019 | 0.989 | |
El Salvador | 0.667 | 124 | 0.397 | 92 | 0.969 | 71 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.969 | −19 | −0.009 | 0.978 | +0.030 | 0.939 | |
Germany | 0.939 | 4th | 0.084 | 19th | 0.968 | 72 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.968 | −1 | +0.002 | 0.966 | +0.025 | 0.943 | |
Paraguay | 0.724 | 98 | 0.482 | 117 | 0.968 | 73 | −1 | +0.001 | 0.967 | +1 | +0.003 | 0.965 | +0.043 | 0.925 | |
Italy | 0.883 | 29 | 0.069 | 12 | 0.967 | 74 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.967 | −7 | −0.001 | 0.968 | +0.015 | 0.952 | |
United Kingdom | 0.920 | 15th | 0.119 | 27 | 0.967 | 75 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.967 | +2 | +0.003 | 0.964 | −0.005 | 0.972 | |
Netherlands | 0.934 | 10 | 0.041 | 4th | 0.967 | 76 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.967 | −4 | +0.001 | 0.966 | +0.010 | 0.957 | |
Iceland | 0.938 | 6th | 0.057 | 9 | 0.966 | 77 | −1 | −0.001 | 0.967 | −24 | −0.012 | 0.978 | −0.027 | 0.993 | |
Montenegro | 0.816 | 52 | 0.119 | 27 | 0.966 | 78 | +2 | +0.002 | 0.964 | +6 | +0.009 | 0.957 | ... | ... | |
Society. Arab. Emirates | 0.866 | 35 | 0.113 | 26th | 0.965 | 79 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.965 | +7 | +0.009 | 0.956 | ... | ... | |
Malta | 0.885 | 28 | 0.195 | 44 | 0.965 | 80 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.965 | +9 | +0.013 | 0.952 | +0.058 | 0.907 | |
New Zealand | 0.921 | 14th | 0.133 | 34 | 0.963 | 81 | +1 | 0.000 | 0.963 | −3 | +0.001 | 0.962 | −0.021 | 0.984 | |
Switzerland | 0.946 | 2 | 0.037 | 1 | 0.963 | 82 | +1 | 0.000 | 0.963 | −7 | −0.002 | 0.965 | +0.017 | 0.946 | |
Hong Kong | 0.939 | 4th | ... | ... | 0.963 | 83 | +1 | 0.000 | 0.963 | −10 | −0.003 | 0.966 | ... | ... | |
Austria | 0.914 | 20th | 0.073 | 14th | 0.963 | 84 | −3 | −0.001 | 0.964 | −5 | +0.001 | 0.962 | +0.030 | 0.933 | |
Country 2018 | HDI | rank | GII | rank | GDI | # | since 2017 |
Value +/- |
2017 GDI |
since 2013 |
Value +/- |
2013 GDI |
Value +/- |
2000 GDI |
|
Greece | 0.872 | 32 | 0.122 | 31 | 0.963 | 85 | 0.000 | 0.963 | −5 | +0.001 | 0.962 | +0.016 | 0.947 | ||
Swaziland | 0.608 | 138 | 0.579 | 145 | 0.962 | 86 | +2 | +0.002 | 0.960 | +9 | +0.020 | 0.942 | +0.096 | 0.866 | |
Chile | 0.847 | 42 | 0.288 | 62 | 0.962 | 87 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.962 | −5 | +0.003 | 0.959 | +0.030 | 0.932 | |
China, People's Republic | 0.758 | 85 | 0.163 | 39 | 0.961 | 88 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.961 | −3 | +0.004 | 0.957 | +0.047 | 0.914 | |
Kyrgyzstan | 0.674 | 122 | 0.381 | 87 | 0.959 | 89 | −0.001 | 0.960 | −6 | +0.001 | 0.958 | 0.000 | 0.959 | ||
Mexico | 0.767 | 76 | 0.334 | 74 | 0.957 | 90 | 0.000 | 0.957 | −3 | +0.002 | 0.955 | +0.033 | 0.924 | ||
Myanmar | 0.584 | 145 | 0.459 | 106 | 0.953 | 91 | −0.003 | 0.956 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ||
Peru | 0.759 | 82 | 0.381 | 87 | 0.951 | 92 | +0.001 | 0.950 | +1 | +0.006 | 0.945 | +0.036 | 0.915 | ||
Zambia | 0.591 | 143 | 0.540 | 131 | 0.949 | 93 | +1 | +0.003 | 0.946 | +12 | +0.020 | 0.929 | ... | ... | |
Cuba | 0.778 | 72 | 0.313 | 67 | 0.948 | 94 | +2 | +0.003 | 0.945 | −6 | −0.007 | 0.955 | +0.037 | 0.911 | |
North Macedonia | 0.759 | 82 | 0.145 | 36 | 0.947 | 95 | +0.001 | 0.946 | −5 | −0.002 | 0.949 | ... | ... | ||
Madagascar | 0.521 | 162 | ... | ... | 0.946 | 96 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.945 | +0.004 | 0.942 | +0.007 | 0.939 | ||
Tonga | 0.717 | 105 | 0.418 | 96 | 0.944 | 97 | −4 | −0.003 | 0.947 | +2 | +0.006 | 0.938 | +0.030 | 0.914 | |
Guatemala | 0.651 | 126 | 0.492 | 118 | 0.943 | 98 | −0.002 | 0.945 | +14 | +0.020 | 0.923 | +0.050 | 0.893 | ||
Rwanda | 0.536 | 157 | 0.412 | 95 | 0.943 | 99 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.942 | −1 | +0.004 | 0.939 | +0.057 | 0.886 | |
Oman | 0.834 | 47 | 0.304 | 65 | 0.943 | 100 | −1 | −0.001 | 0.944 | +0.005 | 0.938 | +0.075 | 0.868 | ||
Azerbaijan | 0.754 | 87 | 0.321 | 70 | 0.940 | 101 | 0.000 | 0.940 | +1 | +0.005 | 0.935 | −0.011 | 0.951 | ||
Maldives | 0.719 | 104 | 0.367 | 81 | 0.939 | 102 | +1 | +0.002 | 0.937 | +6 | +0.013 | 0.926 | +0.035 | 0.904 | |
Uzbekistan | 0.710 | 108 | 0.303 | 64 | 0.939 | 103 | −1 | +0.001 | 0.938 | −6 | −0.002 | 0.941 | +0.003 | 0.936 | |
Sri Lanka | 0.780 | 71 | 0.380 | 86 | 0.938 | 104 | +0.001 | 0.937 | −3 | +0.002 | 0.936 | +0.010 | 0.928 | ||
Indonesia | 0.707 | 111 | 0.451 | 103 | 0.937 | 105 | 0.000 | 0.937 | +2 | +0.010 | 0.927 | +0.042 | 0.895 | ||
Bahrain | 0.838 | 45 | 0.207 | 47 | 0.937 | 106 | 0.000 | 0.937 | −12 | −0.007 | 0.944 | −0.002 | 0.939 | ||
Bolivia | 0.703 | 114 | 0.446 | 101 | 0.936 | 107 | +1 | +0.001 | 0.935 | +4 | +0.012 | 0.924 | ... | ... | |
Tanzania | 0.528 | 159 | 0.539 | 130 | 0.936 | 108 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.936 | −17 | −0.012 | 0.948 | +0.049 | 0.887 | |
South Korea | 0.906 | 22nd | 0.058 | 10 | 0.934 | 109 | +0.001 | 0.933 | −5 | +0.004 | 0.930 | +0.028 | 0.906 | ||
Kenya | 0.579 | 147 | 0.545 | 134 | 0.933 | 110 | +0.001 | 0.932 | −1 | +0.008 | 0.925 | +0.039 | 0.894 | ||
Libya | 0.708 | 110 | 0.172 | 41 | 0.931 | 111 | +0.001 | 0.930 | −5 | +0.003 | 0.928 | +0.056 | 0.875 | ||
Congo, Republic | 0.609 | 138 | 0.579 | 145 | 0.931 | 112 | +0.001 | 0.930 | −2 | +0.006 | 0.925 | +0.047 | 0.884 | ||
Malawi | 0.485 | 172 | 0.615 | 149 | 0.930 | 113 | +0.002 | 0.928 | +0.013 | 0.917 | +0.056 | 0.874 | |||
Laos | 0.604 | 140 | 0.463 | 110 | 0.929 | 114 | +2 | +0.006 | 0.923 | +2 | +0.021 | 0.908 | +0.077 | 0.852 | |
Zimbabwe | 0.563 | 150 | 0.525 | 126 | 0.925 | 115 | −1 | +0.001 | 0.924 | −12 | −0.006 | 0.931 | +0.028 | 0.897 | |
Turkey | 0.807 | 59 | 0.305 | 66 | 0.924 | 116 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.924 | −2 | +0.009 | 0.915 | +0.078 | 0.846 | |
Bosnia Herzegovina | 0.769 | 75 | 0.162 | 38 | 0.924 | 117 | +0.001 | 0.923 | −2 | +0.015 | 0.909 | ... | ... | ||
Cambodia | 0.581 | 146 | 0.474 | 114 | 0.919 | 118 | 0.000 | 0.919 | −1 | +0.012 | 0.907 | +0.030 | 0.889 | ||
Gabon | 0.702 | 115 | 0.534 | 128 | 0.917 | 119 | +0.003 | 0.914 | −1 | +0.010 | 0.907 | −0.002 | 0.919 | ||
Ghana | 0.596 | 142 | 0.541 | 133 | 0.912 | 120 | +0.004 | 0.908 | +2 | +0.018 | 0.894 | +0.061 | 0.851 | ||
Angola | 0.574 | 149 | 0.578 | 144 | 0.902 | 121 | +1 | 0.000 | 0.902 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | |
Mozambique | 0.446 | 180 | 0.569 | 142 | 0.901 | 122 | +2 | +0.002 | 0.899 | −2 | +0.005 | 0.896 | +0.064 | 0.837 | |
Sao Tome & Principe | 0.609 | 137 | 0.547 | 136 | 0.900 | 123 | −2 | −0.004 | 0.904 | −4 | +0.002 | 0.898 | +0.052 | 0.848 | |
East Timor | 0.626 | 131 | ... | ... | 0.899 | 124 | −1 | −0.001 | 0.900 | +16 | +0.050 | 0.849 | ... | ... | |
Liberia | 0.465 | 176 | 0.651 | 155 | 0.899 | 125 | +2 | +0.005 | 0.894 | +3 | +0.019 | 0.880 | +0.124 | 0.775 | |
Tunisia | 0.739 | 91 | 0.300 | 63 | 0.899 | 126 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.899 | −3 | +0.007 | 0.892 | +0.055 | 0.844 | |
Nepal | 0.579 | 147 | 0.476 | 115 | 0.897 | 127 | −1 | +0.002 | 0.895 | −2 | +0.011 | 0.886 | +0.129 | 0.768 | |
Bangladesh | 0.614 | 135 | 0.536 | 129 | 0.895 | 128 | +0.001 | 0.894 | +7 | +0.031 | 0.864 | +0.137 | 0.758 | ||
Bhutan | 0.617 | 134 | 0.436 | 99 | 0.893 | 129 | 0.000 | 0.893 | −8 | −0.003 | 0.896 | ... | ... | ||
Lebanon | 0.730 | 93 | 0.362 | 79 | 0.891 | 130 | +0.002 | 0.889 | −6 | 0.000 | 0.891 | ... | ... | ||
Haiti | 0.503 | 169 | 0.620 | 150 | 0.890 | 131 | +0.001 | 0.889 | +0.015 | 0.875 | ... | ... | |||
Comoros | 0.538 | 156 | ... | ... | 0.888 | 132 | 0.000 | 0.888 | −6 | +0.004 | 0.884 | +0.055 | 0.833 | ||
Benin | 0.520 | 163 | 0.613 | 148 | 0.883 | 133 | +5 | +0.012 | 0.871 | +12 | +0.046 | 0.837 | +0.133 | 0.750 | |
Sierra Leone | 0.438 | 181 | 0.644 | 153 | 0.882 | 134 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.882 | −4 | +0.006 | 0.876 | +0.105 | 0.777 | |
Saudi Arabia | 0.857 | 36 | 0.224 | 49 | 0.879 | 135 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.879 | −6 | −0.001 | 0.880 | +0.044 | 0.835 | |
Egypt | 0.700 | 116 | 0.450 | 102 | 0.878 | 136 | +0.003 | 0.875 | −3 | +0.012 | 0.866 | +0.071 | 0.807 | ||
Burkina Faso | 0.434 | 182 | 0.612 | 147 | 0.875 | 137 | +2 | +0.004 | 0.871 | +2 | +0.022 | 0.853 | ... | ... | |
Iran | 0.797 | 65 | 0.492 | 118 | 0.874 | 138 | −1 | +0.001 | 0.873 | −1 | +0.015 | 0.859 | +0.078 | 0.796 | |
Senegal | 0.514 | 166 | 0.523 | 125 | 0.873 | 139 | −4 | −0.003 | 0.876 | −12 | −0.008 | 0.881 | +0.060 | 0.813 | |
Palestine | 0.690 | 119 | ... | ... | 0.871 | 140 | 0.000 | 0.871 | −4 | +0.010 | 0.861 | ... | ... | ||
Cameroon | 0.563 | 150 | 0.566 | 140 | 0.869 | 141 | 0.000 | 0.869 | −7 | +0.004 | 0.865 | +0.008 | 0.861 | ||
Jordan | 0.723 | 102 | 0.469 | 113 | 0.868 | 142 | +1 | +0.002 | 0.866 | −1 | +0.022 | 0.846 | +0.032 | 0.836 | |
Nigeria | 0.534 | 158 | ... | ... | 0.868 | 143 | −1 | 0.000 | 0.868 | −11 | −0.004 | 0.872 | ... | ... | |
Algeria | 0.759 | 82 | 0.443 | 100 | 0.865 | 144 | +0.001 | 0.864 | −2 | +0.021 | 0.844 | +0.082 | 0.783 | ||
Uganda | 0.528 | 159 | 0.531 | 127 | 0.863 | 145 | −0.001 | 0.864 | −7 | +0.007 | 0.856 | −0.019 | 0.882 | ||
Mauritania | 0.527 | 161 | 0.620 | 150 | 0.853 | 146 | +0.006 | 0.847 | −3 | +0.014 | 0.839 | +0.059 | 0.794 | ||
Congo, Dem. Rep. | 0.459 | 179 | 0.655 | 156 | 0.844 | 147 | 0.000 | 0.844 | +2 | +0.027 | 0.817 | ... | ... | ||
Ethiopia | 0.470 | 173 | 0.508 | 123 | 0.844 | 148 | 0.000 | 0.844 | −2 | +0.014 | 0.830 | +0.103 | 0.741 | ||
South Sudan | 0.413 | 186 | ... | ... | 0.839 | 149 | 0.000 | 0.839 | −5 | 0.000 | 0.839 | ... | ... | ||
Sudan | 0.508 | 168 | 0.560 | 139 | 0.837 | 150 | −0.001 | 0.838 | +1 | +0.025 | 0.812 | ... | ... | ||
Morocco | 0.676 | 121 | 0.492 | 118 | 0.833 | 151 | +0.002 | 0.831 | −4 | +0.009 | 0.824 | +0.055 | 0.778 | ||
Gambia | 0.466 | 174 | 0.620 | 150 | 0.832 | 152 | +1 | +0.006 | 0.826 | −2 | +0.018 | 0.814 | +0.032 | 0.800 | |
India | 0.647 | 129 | 0.501 | 122 | 0.829 | 153 | −1 | +0.002 | 0.827 | −1 | +0.020 | 0.809 | +0.091 | 0.738 | |
Togo | 0.513 | 167 | 0.566 | 140 | 0.818 | 154 | +3 | +0.020 | 0.798 | +1 | +0.026 | 0.792 | +0.039 | 0.779 | |
Mali | 0.427 | 184 | 0.676 | 158 | 0.807 | 155 | −1 | +0.001 | 0.806 | +2 | +0.023 | 0.784 | +0.036 | 0.771 | |
Guinea | 0.466 | 174 | ... | ... | 0.806 | 156 | −1 | +0.001 | 0.805 | −2 | +0.013 | 0.793 | +0.083 | 0.723 | |
Tajikistan | 0.656 | 125 | 0.377 | 84 | 0.799 | 157 | +1 | +0.003 | 0.796 | −4 | −0.002 | 0.801 | −0.042 | 0.841 | |
Ivory Coast | 0.516 | 165 | 0.657 | 157 | 0.796 | 158 | +1 | +0.004 | 0.792 | +1 | +0.029 | 0.767 | +0.036 | 0.760 | |
Central Africa | 0.381 | 188 | 0.682 | 159 | 0.795 | 159 | +1 | +0.003 | 0.792 | +1 | +0.030 | 0.765 | +0.059 | 0.736 | |
Syria | 0.549 | 154 | 0.547 | 136 | 0.795 | 160 | −4 | −0.005 | 0.800 | −12 | −0.025 | 0.820 | −0.018 | 0.813 | |
Iraq | 0.689 | 120 | 0.540 | 131 | 0.789 | 161 | −0.001 | 0.790 | −5 | +0.001 | 0.788 | +0.065 | 0.724 | ||
Chad | 0.401 | 187 | 0.701 | 160 | 0.774 | 162 | −0.001 | 0.775 | −4 | +0.002 | 0.772 | ... | ... | ||
Pakistan | 0.560 | 152 | 0.547 | 136 | 0.747 | 163 | +0.002 | 0.745 | −2 | +0.015 | 0.732 | +0.129 | 0.618 | ||
Afghanistan | 0.496 | 170 | 0.575 | 143 | 0.723 | 164 | +0.004 | 0.719 | −2 | +0.016 | 0.707 | +0.307 | 0.416 | ||
Yemen | 0.463 | 177 | 0.834 | 162 | 0.458 | 165 | −0.017 | 0.475 | −2 | −0.150 | 0.608 | −0.170 | 0.628 | ||
Niger | 0.377 | 189 | 0.647 | 154 | 0.298 | 166 | +0.009 | 0.289 | −2 | +0.082 | 0.216 | −0.412 | 0.710 | ||
166 UN members ø | 0.731 | 93 | 0.439 | 100 | 0.941 | 101 | +1 | −0.001 | 0.942 | −3 | +0.002 | 0.939 | +0.028 | 0.913 | |
Country 2018 | HDI | rank | GII | rank | GDI | # | # +/− | +/- | GDI | # +/− | +/- | GDI | +/- | GDI | |
comparison | from 2017 | from 2013 | from 2000 |
Countries without GDI
For the year 2018, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) was only able to calculate the "gender-specific development" (GDI) for 166 UN member states - for 23 others, economic data were available for calculating their " Human Development Index " (HDI), but no distinction is made between women and men with regard to the 3 social indicators :
Country 2018 | HDI | rank | +/- | 2017 | Years of life | School years | income | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andorra | 0.857 | 36 | +2 | 0.852 | 81.8 | 11.8 | $ 48,641 | |
Antigua and Barbuda | 0.776 | 74 | −1 | 0.774 | 76.9 | 10.9 | $ 22,201 | |
Equatorial Guinea | 0.588 | 144 | −1 | 0.590 | 58.4 | 7.4 | $ 17,796 | |
Bahamas | 0.805 | 60 | 0.804 | 73.8 | 12.2 | $ 28,395 | ||
Dominica | 0.724 | 98 | 0.723 | 78.1 | 10.4 | $ 9,245 | ||
Djibouti | 0.495 | 171 | 0.492 | 66.6 | 5.3 | $ 3,601 | ||
Eritrea | 0.434 | 182 | 0.431 | 65.9 | 4.5 | $ 1,708 | ||
Fiji | 0.724 | 98 | +4 | 0.721 | 67.3 | 12.7 | $ 9,110 | |
Grenada | 0.763 | 78 | 0.760 | 72.4 | 12.7 | $ 12,684 | ||
Guinea-Bissau | 0.461 | 178 | −1 | 0.460 | 58.0 | 6.9 | $ 1,593 | |
Kiribati | 0.623 | 132 | 0.623 | 68.1 | 9.9 | $ 3,917 | ||
Liechtenstein | 0.917 | 18th | 0.916 | 80.5 | 13.6 | $ 99,732 | ||
Marshall Islands | 0.698 | 117 | −1 | 0.696 | 73.9 | 11.7 | $ 4,633 | |
Micronesia | 0.614 | 135 | 0.612 | 67.8 | 9.6 | $ 3,700 | ||
Palau | 0.814 | 55 | +1 | 0.811 | 73.7 | 14.0 | $ 16,720 | |
Papua New Guinea | 0.543 | 155 | 0.543 | 64.3 | 7.3 | $ 3,686 | ||
Solomon Islands | 0.557 | 153 | −1 | 0.555 | 72.8 | 7.9 | $ 2,027 | |
Samoa | 0.707 | 111 | −1 | 0.706 | 73.2 | 11.6 | $ 5,885 | |
Seychelles | 0.801 | 62 | 0.800 | 73.3 | 12.6 | $ 25,077 | ||
St. Kitts and Nevis | 0.777 | 73 | 0.774 | 74.6 | 11.1 | $ 26,770 | ||
St. Vincent & Grenadines | 0.728 | 94 | +1 | 0.726 | 72.4 | 11.1 | $ 11,746 | |
Turkmenistan | 0.710 | 108 | 0.708 | 68.1 | 10.4 | $ 16,407 | ||
Vanuatu | 0.597 | 141 | 0.595 | 70.3 | 9.1 | $ 2,808 |
For the following 10 states and territories, no suitable data was available for calculating the HDI, some of them are not members of the United Nations (UN):
- Kosovo - Republic on the Balkan Peninsula, not a UN member
- Monaco - European Principality
- Nauru - Pacific mini-state
- North Korea - isolated in terms of foreign policy, hardly any reliable data available
- San Marino - mini republic surrounded by Italy
- Taiwan (Republic of China) - not a UN member due to the Taiwan conflict
- Somalia - "failed state" in East Africa
- Tuvalu - Pacific mini-state
- Vatican City - not a UN member, the Vatican does not have its own education system
- Western Sahara - not a UN member, territory claimed and occupied by Morocco ( Western Sahara conflict )
See also
- Freedom indices (global measures)
United Nations:
- GII: Gender Inequality Index (2018 gender inequality)
- GEM: Gender Empowerment Measure (former female participation index until 2012)
World Economic Forum:
- GGGI: Global Gender Gap Index (2019)
CIA (World Factbook):
- Countries by life expectancy (men / women 2016)
- Countries by literacy rate (men / women 2015)
UNDP reports
United Nations Development Program (UNDP):
- 2019: Human Development Report 2019 - Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century. New York December 2019, ISBN 978-92-1-126439-5 , pp. 147–160: Chapter 4: Gender inequalities beyond averages: Between social norms and power imbalances, and pp. 312–315: Table 5: Gender Development Index (English; PFD: 8 MB, 366 pages on undp.org ).
- Technical notes. December 2019, p. 1: Infographic, p. 5–7: Technical note 3: Gender Development Index (English; supplement to the Human Development Report 2019; PDF: 287 kB, 16 pages on hdr.undp.org ).
- 2018: Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update. UNDP, New York 2018 (English; PDF: 1.4 MB, 123 pages at hdr.undp.org ).
- Download page: Human Development Reports 1990–2019.
German Society for the United Nations (translations and summaries):
- 2019: Human Development Report 2019. January 15, 2020 ( download page ).
- 2018: Human Development: Facts and Figures 2018 - Statistical Update on the Human Development Report. Berlin, December 14, 2018, pp. 7–10: Gender inequality - reducing the gap in order to enable half of the world's population to participate more, and pp. 39–39: Table 4: Index of gender-specific development ( summary as PDF : 421 kB; download page ).
- 2016: Human Development Report 2016: Human Development for All. Berlin, March 21, 2017 ( download page ).
- 2015: Report on human development 2015. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-8305-3618-5 ( PDF: 9.3 MB, 328 pages at hdr.undp.org ).
literature
- Stephan Klasen : Working Paper: UNDP's gender-related measures: Current problems and proposals for fixing them. Discussion paper No. 220. In: Leibniz Information Center for Economics . February 2017 (English; PDF: 1.6 MB, 31 pages on econstor.eu ).
To the old GDI until 2009:
- Stephan Klasen, Dana Schüler: Reforming the Gender-Related Development Index and the Gender Empowerment Measure: Implementing Some Specific Proposals. In: Feminist Economics. Volume 17, No. 1, January 2011, pp. 1–30 (English; doi: 10.1080 / 13545701.2010.541860 ; full text: version from 2009 on econstor.eu ).
- Iñaki Permanyer: Are UNDP Indices Appropriate to Capture Gender Inequalities in Europe? In: Social Indicators Research. Volume 110, No. 3, February 2013, online: December 6, 2011, pp. 927–950 (English; doi: 10.1007 / s11205-011-9975-6 ; PDF: 570 kB, 24 pages at ced.uab.es ( Memento from June 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive )).
- Special issue: Journal of Human Development. Volume 7, No. 2: Revisiting the Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). Volume 7, No. 2, July 2006 ( online at tandfonline.com ).
- Therein: Stephan Klasen: UNDP's Gender-Related Measures: Some Conceptual Problems and Possible Solutions. Pp. 243-274 (English; doi: 10.1080 / 14649880600768595 ).
Web links
United Nations Development Program (UNDP):
- Overview: Human Development Reports: Gender Development Index (GDI). December 2019.
- Table of all GDI 1995–2018: Gender Development Index (GDI). Status: October 21, 2019 (all figures based on data and calculation methods from 2019).
- Individual values of the DA-CH countries: Germany, Austria, Switzerland. ( Menu with 189 UN countries ).
- Women's participation: Dashboard 3: Women's empowerment. (Individual data without index formation).
GDI indicators 1995-2018, separated by sex ( data selection ):
- HDI women: Human Development Index (HDI), female.
- HDI men: Human Development Index (HDI), male.
- Life expectancy women: Life expectancy at birth, female (years) (number 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals ).
- Life expectancy men: Life expectancy at birth, male (years) (SDG 3).
- Expected years of schooling women: Expected years of schooling, female (years). (SDG 4.3).
- Expected years of schooling Men: Expected years of schooling, male (years). (SDG 4.3).
- Average years of schooling women: Mean years of schooling, female (years). (SDG 4.6).
- Average years of schooling men: Mean years of schooling, male (years). (SDG 4.6).
- Income women: Estimated gross national income per capita, female (2011 PPP $). (SDG 8.5).
- Income men: Estimated gross national income per capita, male (2011 PPP $). (SDG 8.5).
Meeting:
- Stephan Klasen : New measures, new insights: The report on human development 2014. In: die-gdi.de. Ed .: German Development Institute (DIE), July 24, 2014.
- Sustainable Development Report 2019: Germany, Austria, Switzerland. June 28, 2019 (English; on the implementation of the 17 UN goals for sustainable development - goal no.5 is gender equality ).
Individual evidence
-
↑ a b c d All individual values of the three DA-CH countries: United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Germany, Austria, Switzerland. In: hdr.undp.org. As of October 2019; all accessed on January 6, 2020 (English).
For comparison Norway ( HDI rank 1 ) and Mexico ( as an example ): Norway, Mexico; all 189 UN countries. - ↑ a b Stephan Klasen : Working Paper: UNDP's gender-related measures: Current problems and proposals for fixing them. Discussion paper No. 220. In: Leibniz Information Center for Economics . February 2017 (English; PDF: 1.6 MB, 31 pages on econstor.eu ).
- ↑ Stephan Klasen: Working Paper: UNDP's gender-related measures: Current problems and proposals for fixing them. February 2017, p. 17: The New Gender Development Index (GDI) (English; PDF: 1.6 MB, 31 pages on econstor.eu ); Quote: “All in all, the GDI is a very welcome addition to the gender measures. It is has a nice direct link to the HDI, is easy to interpret and meaningful, and the new approach to ranking is also a very good idea as it places a premium on gender equality rather than on female relative achievements. [...] Of course, the caveats mentioned above (related to the calculation of female and male earned incomes as the relevant income component) remain and need to be stated clearly. "
- ↑ a b c d United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Technical notes. December 2019, p. 1: Infographic, p. 5–7: Technical note 3. Gender Development Index (English; supplement to the Human Development Report 2019; PDF: 287 kB, 16 pages on hdr.undp.org ) Information on the basics the HDI calculation: pp. 2–5.
- ↑ a b United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Technical notes. December 2019, p. 2 (English; supplement to the Human Development Report 2019; PDF: 287 kB, 16 pages on hdr.undp.org ); Quote: "The maximum for expected years of schooling, 18, is equivalent to achieving a master's degree in most countries. The maximum for mean years of schooling, 15, is the projected maximum of this indicator for 2025. […] For the education dimension, equation 1 is first applied to each of the two indicators, and then the arithmetic mean of the two resulting indices is taken. "
-
↑ a b c United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Human Development Report 2019 - Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century. UNDP, New York December 2019, ISBN 978-92-1-126439-5 , pp. 312-315: Table 4: Gender Development Index (English; PFD: 8 MB, 366 pages on hdr.undp.org ).
Interpolated online tables 1995-2018 based on the 2019 calculation method: Gender Development Index (GDI) (as of October 21, 2019), Human Development Index (HDI), female and Human Development Index (HDI), male (as of October 22 2019) In: hdr.undp.org. All accessed on January 6, 2020 (English). - ↑ United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Gender Development Index (GDI: 1995–2018). In: hdr.undp.org. Status: October 21, 2019, accessed on January 6, 2020 (English; alphabetically sorted interpolated online table based on the 2019 calculation method - may deviate from previously published results).