Genome amplification

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The genome amplification (English whole genome amplification , WGA) describes biochemical methods for the replication ( amplification ) of whole genomes .

properties

Genome amplification methods include variants of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and isothermal DNA amplification . The primer extension preamplification and amplification with degenerate primers ( DOP-PCR ) are used as PCR-based variants . Multidisplacement Amplification (MDA) is used as an isothermal variant . The Multiple Annealing and Looping-based Amplification Cycles (MALBAC) is also used.

With genome amplification, small amounts of DNA (e.g. in a single cell analysis ) or poor quality DNA (e.g. from FFPE tissues with small amounts of intact DNA) can be multiplied. Depending on the method, there is a different bias (engl. Bias ) of the respective DNA polymerase with respect to the preferred bound DNA sequences .

Applications

Genome amplification can be used in forensics , prenatal diagnostics , bioterrorism , the preservation of clinical samples and genotyping .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c R. Pinard, A. de Winter, GJ Sarkis, MB Gerstein, KR Tartaro, RN Plant, M. Egholm, JM Rothberg, JH Leamon: Assessment of whole genome amplification-induced bias through high-throughput, massively parallel whole genome sequencing. In: BMC genomics. Volume 7, August 2006, p. 216, doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2164-7-216 , PMID 16928277 , PMC 1560136 (free full text).
  2. ↑ L. Zhang, X. Cui, K. Schmitt, R. Hubert, W. Navidi, N. Arnheim: Whole genome amplification from a single cell: implications for genetic analysis. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 89, Number 13, July 1992, pp. 5847-5851, PMID 1631067 , PMC 49394 (free full text).
  3. Jump up ↑ FB Dean, S. Hosono, L. Fang, X. Wu, AF Faruqi, P. Bray-Ward, Z. Sun, Q. Zong, Y. Du, J. Du, M. Driscoll, W. Song, SF Kingsmore, M. Egholm, RS Lasken: Comprehensive human genome amplification using multiple displacement amplification. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 99, Number 8, April 2002, pp. 5261-5266, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.082089499 , PMID 11959976 , PMC 122757 (free full text).
  4. ↑ H. Telenius, NP Carter, CE Bebb, M. Nordenskjöld, BA Ponder, A. Tunnacliffe: Degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR: general amplification of target DNA by a single degenerate primer. In: Genomics. Volume 13, Number 3, July 1992, pp. 718-725, PMID 1639399 .
  5. ↑ L. Huang, F. Ma, A. Chapman, S. Lu, XS Xie: Single-Cell Whole-Genome Amplification and Sequencing: Methodology and Applications. In: Annual review of genomics and human genetics. Volume 16, 2015, pp. 79-102, doi : 10.1146 / annurev-genom-090413-025352 , PMID 26077818 .
  6. ↑ JF Swennenhuis, L. Terstappen: Sample Preparation Methods Following CellSearch Approach Compatible of Single-Cell Whole-Genome Amplification: An Overview. In: Methods in molecular biology. Volume 1347, 2015, pp. 57-67, doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4939-2990-0_4 , PMID 26374309 .
  7. ↑ ZT Czyz, S. Kirsch, B. Polzer: Principles of Whole-Genome Amplification. In: Methods in molecular biology. Volume 1347, 2015, pp. 1–14, doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4939-2990-0_1 , PMID 26374306 .
  8. ↑ J. Sabina, JH Leamon: Bias in Whole Genome Amplification: Causes and Considerations. In: Methods in molecular biology. Volume 1347, 2015, pp. 15-41, doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4939-2990-0_2 , PMID 26374307 .
  9. ↑ TL Hawkins, JC Detter, PM Richardson: Whole genome amplification applications and advances. In: Current Opinion in Biotechnology. Volume 13, Number 1, February 2002, pp. 65-67, PMID 11849960 .
  10. ↑ K. Silander, J. Saarela: Whole genome amplification with Phi29 DNA polymerase to enable genetic or genomic analysis of samples of low DNA yield. In: Methods in molecular biology. Volume 439, 2008, pp. 1-18, doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-59745-188-8_1 , PMID 18370092 .