Georg Philipp White

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Georg Philipp White.

Georg Philipp Weiß (born June 5, 1741 in Stuttgart ; † February 19, 1822 there ) was a German master baker and grain trader. He built his estate "Weißenhof" on the Feuerbacher Heide in Stuttgart, after which the famous Weißenhofsiedlung was named, and made a name for himself in the city's history when, after a famine in 1816, he donated the first harvest wagon from his estate for the poor in the summer of 1817.

Life

Note: Main source, unless otherwise stated: # White 1825 .

childhood

Georg Philipp Weiß was born on June 5, 1741 in Stuttgart as one of the three sons of the master baker Sebastian Weiß, a son of the mayor Weiß in Tamm , and Eva Weiß nee. Heinrich born. His two brothers were Sebastian and Friedrich Weiß. When Weiß was 4 years old, his father traveled to Vienna to collect claims from the delivery of flour and provisions in court. The father stayed in Vienna for 13 years from 1745 to 1758 and in the end had to be content with a settlement in which he and his partner lost 23,000 guilders. During the father's absence, the mother had to provide for herself and her three sons. She also kept a garden, the proceeds of which she and her sons sold at the market.

From 1748 white received elementary instruction at a German school and Latin lessons before he switched to grammar school in 1750. After he had completed the lower grades in 1754, at the request of his mother, he should also attend the upper classes of the grammar school. However, he preferred to learn his father's trade. His mother therefore decided to reactivate the family's bakery. The 13-year-old white now learned his trade under the guidance of his mother, a master baker and the employed baker's servants and completed his apprenticeship in 1757.

Seven Years War

After the outbreak of the Seven Years' War in 1756, Weiss feared that he might be forced into military service. Since he had learned that his father was employed as a provisions officer in the imperial army in Linz in 1757, he left on May 1, 1758 to see his father. He was employed by the Austrian army as a bakery assistant and promoted to head baker in 1760 and shortly afterwards to master baker. In these functions, he was also involved in the procurement, transport, accounting and storage of food supplies.

In 1761 he was granted leave of the imperial army at his request. Unfortunately, he was captured by the Prussians on his journey home and had to serve them as a provisions officer until the end of the war in 1763. Then he started his return journey to Stuttgart, where he arrived in October 1763.

Stuttgart

In 1766, Weiß was appointed (civil) master baker. On May 5, 1767, he married Johanna Helfferich and moved with her into a house on Becherstrasse (today Marktstrasse), which he had bought and where he set up his bakery. After Duke Karl Eugen moved his residence from Stuttgart to Ludwigsburg in 1764,

was “the first residential town sunk to a country town. Now there was nothing left for us but to do the craft as hard as possible, and whoever had a hut to work diligently in it was also busily engaged in the fruit trade, farming, vinegar making, brandy, home baking, and especially one had to be a good one Receiving customers, working day and night. ... With unspeakable hard work and good housekeeping, we have progressed from year to year through God's blessing and support from a small beginning. "

  • Weiß 'house on Torstrasse.

  • Weissenhof, 1887.

  • Ceremonial reception of the first harvest wagon on the Old Palace Square in 1817.

In 1776 the duke returned to Stuttgart after an absence of 13 years. Trade and industry enjoyed an unexpected boom. Weiß took over the supply of bread and rolls for the military, which he carried out for the most part as the sole supplier for 36 years. From 1779 to the 1790s he built his 51 hectare estate "Weißenhof" on the Feuerbacher Heide (destroyed in 1944), which earned him the name Weißenhofbäck. Due to increasing sales in the bakery and the growing number of children in the family, the house on Becherstrasse became too small over the years. In 1782, Weiß acquired a plot of land on Torstrasse by the Nesenbach, on which he built a house with a bakery and apartment until 1784.

In the shortage years of 1771 and 1788, he helped alleviate the supply crisis with significant grain imports. "He tried with remarkable success to provide the socially disadvantaged in the city with inexpensive flour and bread." In 1784 and 1785 he put himself in the service of the imperial army to set up and manage bakeries and food stores in Heilbronn. From 1793 to 1796 he took over the catering business for the district troops and the military hospitals of the Swabian district . In addition to these lucrative businesses and the ongoing deliveries of bread and rolls, he ran his own bakery, with his wife actively supporting him until she died in 1806 at the age of 57. In 1817, Weiß made a contribution to his hometown when, after a year of famine, he donated his first harvest wagon to the poor in the city:

“In 1816 , as a result of rainstorms, thunderstorms and hail, there was a complete bad harvest in the country, so that food prices rose and there was a famine. When the harvest became cheaper in 1817, Georg Philipp Weiß brought the first harvest wagon to the city from his Weissenhof estate on July 28th. The festively decorated sheaf wagon was driven to the collegiate church with music and singing to the ringing of all church bells and placed on the old castle square, today's Schillerplatz, where the city council and the clergy received the wagon in the presence of 2000 school children. Master baker Georg Philipp Weiß, the great philanthropist, gave the grain to the poor in the city. "

About the “rare prosperity”. the Weiss family were the result of the large residential and commercial building in the city, the spacious Weißenhof and an impressive fortune. The introduction to the statutes of his family foundation shows that Weiss' inheritance was divided into 9 parts of 35,000 guilders each, a total of 315,000 guilders, which corresponds to around 6.5 million euros.

Retirement

The memoirs of Georg Philip Weiß end with an addition from an unknown hand, in which it says: “The profession, the fruit trade and other speculations kept the old man used to work and thinking in uninterrupted busyness until 1811 and so long after repeated statements by himself - until his strength gradually left him. ”On February 19, 1822 Weiss died at the age of 81 in Stuttgart. He was buried in the family grave in the Hoppenlauffriedhof , in which his wife had been buried 16 years before him.

In 1878 an inn was set up on the Weißenhof, which became a popular excursion destination. The Weißenhof gave its name to today's Weißenhof district in Stuttgart-Nord and the famous Weißenhofsiedlung , the pioneering exhibition of modern architecture from 1927. Weiss left a short biography: "Life and events of the citizen and master baker Georg Philipp Weiss", which was edited by a third party and published in 1825.

  • Johanna Helferich, Weiss' wife.

  • Memoirs of Georg Philipp Weiß.

  • Grave of Georg Philipp Weiß and his wife.

family

On May 5, 1767, Georg Philipp Weiß married Johanna (Catharina Magdalena) Helfferich (1749–1806), a daughter of the Stuttgart master bookbinder Paul Achatius Helfferich. Because of her husband's frequent trips and diverse business activities, not only was the burden of household chores and child-rearing burdens largely on the wife's shoulders, but also running the bakery. In 24 years, from 1768 to 1791, she gave birth to 13 children, most of whom reached adulthood. Of 32 grandchildren, 12 died before their grandfather died.

Foundation, endowment

When Weiss noticed around 1811 that he was gradually losing his strength, he set up the Weiß-Helfferich Foundation in memory of his wife, who had died 5 years earlier, and changed its statutes several times from 1811 to 2 weeks before his death . The foundation's capital amounted to 77,000 guilders, which corresponds to around 1.6 million euros. The investment income should be distributed annually among White's descendants according to certain rules.

literature

General

  • Weiß-Helfferich Foundation in Stuttgart. In: Ferdinand Friedrich Faber: The Württemberg family foundations: along with genealogical news about families entitled to the same, issue 21, 1858, number XCII, pages 47–58, pdf .
  • Weissenhof. In: Jörg Kurz: Northern history (s). About the dwelling and life of the people in the north of Stuttgart. Stuttgart 2005, pages 16-19.
  • The "Weißenhof" . In: Gustav Wais : Old Stuttgart's buildings in the picture: 640 pictures, including 2 colored ones, with explanations of city history, building history and art history. Stuttgart 1951, reprint Frankfurt am Main 1977, page 586.
  • Gustav Wais : The “Weißenhof Bäck” . In: Stuttgarter Leben, 1959, issue 12, pages 64–65, 86.
  • Georg Philipp Weiss: Life and events of the citizen and master baker Georg Philipp Weiss: according to his own papers. Contains: Karl Friedrich Hofacker: Speech at the grave of the accomplished: born. June 5, 1741, copulated May 5, 1767, [died] February 19, 1822. Stuttgart: Mäntler, 1825, pdf .

swell

  • Paul Sauer : History of the City of Stuttgart. Volume 3: From the beginning of the 18th century to the conclusion of the constitutional treaty for the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1819. Stuttgart 1995.

Web links

Commons : Georg Philipp Weiß  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ # Weiß 1825 , pp. 33, 34.
  2. ↑ The house was on the southern corner of Torstrasse and Josef-Hirn-Platz.
  3. ↑ #Sauer 1995 , page 16.
  4. ↑ #Wais 1959.2 , page 86.
  5. ↑ # Weiß 1825 , page 59.
  6. ↑ For the conversion of guilders to euros see: Deutsche Bundesbank: Purchasing power equivalents of historical amounts in German currencies .
  7. ↑ The grave is located shortly after the entrance to the Hoppenlaufriedhof on Holzgartenstrasse on the right-hand side of the path.
  8. ↑ #Short 2005 , page 17.
  9. ↑ # White 1825 .
  10. ↑ #Faber 1858 , pp. 50, 58.
  11. ↑ # Weiß 1825 , pp. 53–54.
  12. ↑ For the conversion of guilders to euros see: Deutsche Bundesbank: Purchasing power equivalents of historical amounts in German currencies .
  13. ↑ #Faber 1858 .
personal data
SURNAME White, Georg Philipp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German master baker and grain trader
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1741
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1822
Place of death Stuttgart