Scree

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Schematic types of scree, in section (above) and in elevation
Stone Age club head from Decea Muresului Romania

The scree ( English Stone Mace Head ; Danish Skivekølle hoved or Stridskølle ) is an artifact found in Europe . It occurs north of the low mountain range from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age . The disc lobe from Großköllnbach has a diameter of 20 cm. However, in relation to hatchets and dechs , they are rare. It is mostly made of green stone , porphyry or quartzite . Depending on the shape and degree of processing, a distinction is made between scree and disc lobes. The club heads have two basic patterns, which result from the type of shaft.

  • the disc-shaped type of "disc lobe" with an hourglass-shaped perforation

and

  • the bulbous type with a central constriction, also called "grooved hammer"

The latter is probably the older form and probably developed from the cylinder ax . A shaft was attached to the neck of the stone using organic material ( bast , leather ).

Already in Gravettien comes perforation of ivory , antler , wood, horn and teeth on. During the Mesolithic, the development of technology that made it possible to drill through rock so that a scarfing is possible. The diabolo-shaped bore does not, however, represent an ideal guide for a shaft. It is, however, intentional and the type of fastening of a shaft, if it was done at all, is still completely open. The intention arises from the fact that the cylindrical bore (among other things in 35,000 year old perforated rods ) was known for a long time and the conical shape of the shaft receptacle that is common today could have been achieved by reaming. Although it is possible to hit or split with a club attached in this way , the shaft is so thin that this cannot represent the actual function and the club is more likely to have been the successor to the perforated or "command staff" as a status symbol .

Scree and disc lobes have different centers of distribution. In the Großgartach culture , the menhir culture and the Oberlauterbach culture , the use of club heads was unusual. Club heads appear less frequently in linear band culture. The tradition is taken up by stitch band ceramics . The club head tradition comes back to southwest Germany with the Rössen ornament style, which probably took this impulse from stitch band ceramics. Most of the beautiful but rare club heads are reading finds, some were found in early Neolithic settlements and in burial chambers.

In mythology or on early depictions ( Egypt ), clubs still occur thousands of years later.

See also

literature

  • Eric Biermann: Old to Middle Neolithic club heads and drill core finds. Possible clues to potential production centers? In: Varia neolithica. IV, 2006, ISBN 3-937517-43-X .
  • Eric Biermann: Club heads of the Old and Middle Neolithic in Germany. In: Varia neolithica. IV, 2006, ISBN 3-937517-43-X .
  • André Grisse: axes, pickaxes, clubs, hoes, hacks and double hammers in the Central European Neolithic. An introduction to the typology of perforated rock tools using the graphical radius method. Habelt, Bonn 2013, ISBN 978-3-7749-3850-2 .
  • Mogens Rud: Jeg ser på oldsager Danske oldsager i tekst og billeder Politikens Forlag 1979, ISBN 87-567-3202-3 , p. 96.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ AiD 06 2017 p. 12