History of the Jews in Brody

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The story of the Jews in Brody describes life in one of the most important Jewish shtetls in Galicia in the 19th century. Joseph Roth set a monument to her in his novels.

Poland-Lithuania

In 1648 there were 400 Jewish families in Brody . In 1720 Israel married ben Eliezer , the later founder of Hasidism in the city. In 1736 the first Hasidic community was founded. Around 1760 the city became the seat of the Jewish council of four countries of Poland and Lithuania. In 1772 the Hasidic community was banned by the Orthodox community.

Austria

In 1772 Brody came to the Habsburg Monarchy and became a border town to the Russian Empire . In 1778 it became a free trade zone, which meant an enormous economic boom for Jewish merchants as well.

German became the colloquial language for Jews. In 1784 a Jewish elementary school was opened. Around 1800 it became a center of the Jewish Enlightenment ( Haskala ) in Austria with Menachem Mendel Lefin , Nachman Krohaben , Salomo Juda Rapoport and Josef Perl . There was also an Orthodox community with Rabbi Zwi Hirsch Chajes .

In 1815 a Jewish secondary school was founded. By 1860, Brody had the second largest Jewish population in Galicia. In 1869 more than 80% of the population were Jewish.

In 1879 the free trade status was revoked. Numerous Jews went to the USA.

Joseph Roth lived in the city from 1894 to 1913 . He described them in his novels like Radetzkymarsch .

Second Polish Republic

In 1919 Brody came to Poland.

German occupation

In 1941 many Brody Jews were killed. In 1942 a ghetto was established in the city. In 1943 almost all of the 9,000 inhabitants of the ghetto were killed.

Ukraine

After 1945 there were only a few Jews left in Brody.

Chess player

Several chess masters of Jewish origin come from Brody.

Population development

Jews in Brody
year Ges.-Bev. Jews proportion of
1756 7.191
1869 18,700 15,138 80.9%
1880 20,000 15,316 76.3%
1900 16,400 11,854 72.1%
1910 18,000 12,150 67.5%
1939 9,000

See also

Web links

  • Antony Polonsky : Brody. In: YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. December 13, 2010, accessed August 13, 2015 .
  • Roman Zakharii, Galician Jerusalem - Brody as Jewish Intellectual and Cultural Hub of Eastern Galicia , Simon Dubnow Institute for Jewish History and Culture, Leipzig 2004, 20 p., M. Fig. Format = DOC download
  • An Eternal Light: Brody, in Memoriam Organization of former Brody residents in Israel, 1994.

Remarks

  1. ↑ cf. Edward Winter, Chess and Jews
  2. ^ Results of the censuses of the KK Statistische Central -ommission u. a., in: Anson Rabinbach : The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna. Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books / Rice University Press, Houston 1975, pp. 46/47 (Table III)