Josef Perl

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Josef Perl with gold medals from Tsar Alexander I from 1816 and from Franz I from 1821 for his services in the field of education

Josef Perl (also Joseph Perl ; born November 10, 1773 in Tarnopol ; † October 1, 1839 there ) was a pioneer of the Jewish Enlightenment in Galicia , just as active as a reformer of religion and as a reformer in schools and teaching, as well as a Hebrew writer (before all satires, in which he fought the Hasidim and proves to be a good character actor) and patron. He partly used the pseudonym Jakob Obadja or Ovadyah ben Petaḥyah .

Works (selection)

  • Sefer Megaleh temirin: ki-shemo ken hu: megaleh devarim asher hayu ʿad ʿatah ṭemirin ṿe-neʿelamim ["The discovered secrets"], Vienna, 1819 ( [1] , digitized ) (Satirical attack on the Hasidic script "Schiwchej ha-ba 'al schem tow ", satirizing the legends it contains. Yiddish was only published in 1937)
    • Dov Taylor (Ed.): Joseph Perl's Revealer of Secrets . The First Hebrew Novel, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado 1997, ISBN 0-8133-3212-5 .
  • Divre tsadiḳim: le-hodiʿa ezeh derekh yishkon or: kolel shalosh igerot ṿe-sihah ben shene hasidim , Vienna, 1830 ( [2] ) ("Words of the Righteous "; dialogue of two Hasidim on Megale temirin by Yitsḥak Ber Levinzon along with letters from Perl )
  • Sefer Bohen tsadiḳ: o muva deʿot shonot ʿal odot ha-sefer Megaleh temirin .... , Prague, 1838 ( [3] , digitized , digitized ) ("In search of a righteous man", satirical anti-Hasidic utopia, but also the followers of rabbinism and even the maskilim are not spared from biting criticism)
  • Samuel Werses / Chone Shmeruk (ed.): Yosef Perl: Ma'asiyot ve'iggerot mitsadiqim 'amitiim ume'anshei shelomenu, Jerusalem 1969. ("Stories and letters of true righteous men and men of our faith", parody of the 1816 and 1818) Tales by Rabbi Nachman von Bratslav )

literature

  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Perl, Joseph . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 22nd part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1870, pp. 27–30 ( digitized version ).
  • Jewish Lexicon , Berlin 1927, IV / 1, 857–858.
  • John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) And a .: Lexicon of Judaism. 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2 , col. 618.
  • Raphael Mahler: Hasidism and the Jewish Enlightenment . Their Confrontation in Galicia and Poland in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, JPS, Philadelphia - New York 1985, ISBN 0-8276-0233-2 , pp. 121-168.
  • Z. Carpenter: Yosef Perl et la Haskalah. Une approche historique et littéraire. In: Ẓafon 22-23 (1995), pp. 51-65.
  • Jeremy Dauber: Antonio's Devils . Writers of the Jewish Enlightenment and the Birth of Modern Hebrew and Yiddish Literature, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California 2004, ISBN 0-8047-4901-9 , pp. 209-310. available on Google Books
  • Ken Frieden: Joseph Perl's Escape from Biblical Epigonism through Parody of Hasidic Writing. In: AJS Review 29 (2005), pp. 265-282.
  • Samuel Werses:  PERL, JOSEPH. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . 2nd Edition. Volume 15, Detroit / New York a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-0-02-865943-5 , pp. 773-774 (English).

Web links

Commons : Josef Perl  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Jonatan Meir: Perl, Yosef , in: YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe September 15, 2010.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Illustration in: Israel Weinloes (ed.): Josef Perl: יידישע כתבים [Yidishe ksovim, Yiddish translation of Megaleh temirin , "The discovered secrets"], YIVO, Wilna 1937. Information from Taylor 1997, p. Xxvii.
  2. ↑ DNB info page .
  3. ↑ Meir 2010.
  4. ↑ Perl's most important work, imitating Reuchlin's "letters to dark men". In terms of style, he reproduces the barbaric Hebrew of the Hasidim, which is completely influenced by the Yiddish colloquial language, which must have been so accurate and lifelike that the work was viewed by the Hasidim, who are satirized and massively criticized in it, as authentic and as a product of their own.
personal data
SURNAME Perl, Josef
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Obadja, Jakob (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jewish enlightener
DATE OF BIRTH November 10, 1773
PLACE OF BIRTH Tarnopoly
DATE OF DEATH October 1, 1839
Place of death Tarnopoly