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Schützenbrunnen in front of the former house of the Schützen Society in Bern (around 1900)
The old rifle house in Bern, demolished in 1862 (around 1850)

The Gesellschaft zu Schützen (also target muskets society ) was a civil society ( guild ) of the city ​​of Bern until 1799 .

history

In 1375 crossbowmen were first recorded in Bern. In 1378 the riflemen received a grant from the council for a trip to Solothurn for a shooting competition, later the council regularly paid a sum of money and shooting gifts. Shortly after 1400, the Small Council decreed that citizens who already belonged to a society ( guild ) could also join the Society for Schützen . A rifle gun society has also been known since 1420 . In the Waldshut War , the rifle shooters made up eleven members according to the exodus list. In 1477 these two groups were united as a Society to Schützen . From 1648 onwards, the Society of Schützen was headed by a member of the Small Council. The term target musket society has also been used since the 17th century. In this regard, Johann Rudolf Gruner remarks as a demarcation from the Reismusketen-Schützengesellschaft founded in 1675/86 : "The hand-barrel-shooters [...] cannot be confused with the Ziehl-musket-shooters, as the last ones actually the Schützen-Gesellschaft and who are entitled to the Zunffthaus in the city [...]. » In 1799 the company dissolved and the assets were divided up. The archive and the flags were taken over by the Reismusketen-Schützengesellschaft, which was newly constituted in the same year.

The company owned the old Bernese rifle house and, since 1430, the society house at today's Marktgasse number 28 (demolished).

Flag and coat of arms

Rudolf von Erlach prays as field captain of the Bernese (with city banner and rifle flag) before the battle of Laupen in 1339, Diebold Schilling, Spiezer Chronik (1484/85)

According to Diebold Schilling, the Bernese rifle troop showed a golden musket or a golden crossbow on a red background in the second half of the 15th century (after the merger in 1477 both together). The company also had the same emblems as coats of arms, as evidenced by a contemporary stove tile. Representations from the 16th century suddenly show only a lying musket on the flag.

Personalities

swell

literature

  • François de Capitani: Nobility, citizens and guilds in Bern in the 15th century. Stämpfli, Bern 1982, ISBN 3-7272-0491-5 .
  • Carl Jakob Durheim: Historical communications on the history of the "aristocratic Flitzbogen-Schützengesellschaft von Bern," from its origin to the present time 1856. In: Berner Taschenbuch on the year 1857. P. 79–121 digitized
  • Rudolf von Fischer (ed.): 250 years of the Reismusketenschützen-Gesellschaft Bern 1686–1936. Bern, 1936.
  • Johann Rudolf Gruner: Deliciae urbis Bernae. Merckworthiness of the hochlöbl. City of Bern. Compiled from mostly unprinted authentic writings , Zurich 1732. Restricted preview in Google book search
  • Manuel Kehrli ea: The Reismusketen-Schützengesellschaft of the City of Bern. Founded in 1686. Bern, 2009. (Contents)
  • Eduard von Rodt: Bern in the XVI. Century , Bern 1904.
  • Heinrich Türler : files on the shooter being. In: New Berner Taschenbuch on the year 1902. Bern 1901, pp. 295–307. online (containing the shooting regulations of 1530)
  • René Wyss: The old parlor and shooting companies of the city of Bern. In: Berner Taschenbuch on the year 1854. online

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kehrli 2009, p. 14.
  2. ↑ Kehrli 2009, p. 14.
  3. ↑ de Capitani 1982, p. 115.
  4. ↑ SSRQ BE I / 11, p. 319. online
  5. ↑ Wyss 1854, p. 151.
  6. ↑ Gruner 1732, p. 418.
  7. ↑ Kehrli 2009, p. 28.
  8. ↑ von Rodt 1904, p. 155.
  9. ↑ Kehrli 2009, p. 15; Bernisches Historisches Museum , Inv. No. 1799.

Coordinates: 46 ° 56 '52.9 "  N , 7 ° 26' 45"  E ; CH1903:  600547  /  199662