Dashed sludge needle
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Dashed sludge needle ( Acicula lineolata ) |
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| Acicula lineolata | ||||||||||||
| ( Pini , 1885) |
The Dashed Mulmnadel ( Acicula lineolata ), also Dashed Needle Snail or Scratched Needle Snail, is a land-living snail from the family of Mulmnadeln (Aciculidae) in the order Architaenioglossa .
features
The right-hand wound, spindle-shaped to slim cone-shaped case is 3.3 to 4.2 mm (3.4 to 4.25 mm) high and 1.3 mm (1.2 to 1.4 mm) wide (thick). It has 6 to 7 slightly convex outwardly curved passages and is slightly conical in shape, i. H. the turns increase a little less quickly from the 2nd turn. A weak edge is often indicated or a suture thread is formed under the seam. The last turn rises a little. The mouth is pear-shaped when viewed from above. The slightly enlarged blunt edge of the mouth is not thickened on the inside. In the side view, the hem of the mouth is slightly curved, in some populations (west of Lake Garda and a population near Brixen) the hem of the mouth is not curved. In the navel area, the edge of the mouth is drawn over the navel as a narrow callus. The angularis is only faintly indicated. In contrast, the anterior border of the parietal callus is sharply defined. Shortly behind the edge of the mouth, a slightly bulged neck bulge has developed from the seam of the penultimate passage to the navel.
The protoconch is smooth; after that, a grooved stripe sets in, which becomes wider as the housing progresses. 26 to 39 grooves (12 to 22 grooves in the subspecies banki ) are developed on the penultimate colony . The surface is glossy, the skin reddish brown.
Similar species
In the past, the species was mostly regarded as a synonym of Acicula lineata . So little is known about the range of the species. However, the shells of the Striped Mulmnadel ( Acicula lineata ) are on average smaller and less conical. A. beneckei is larger on average and has a more pronounced bay in the mouth edge when viewed from the side. A. sublineata has a cylindrical body and is smaller.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The distribution area of the Dashed Mulmnadel extends from Slovenia in the east over the northern Italian Alps, southern and northern Austria, southern Switzerland and southern Bavaria. There are also isolated occurrences in the provinces of Modena and Imperia . An occurrence in southern Hesse is questionable.
The species occurs in open forests, under rocks and in scree slopes. In Switzerland, the species rises up to 1000 m above sea level.
Taxonomy
The taxon was first described by Napoleone Pini in 1885 as Acme microspira var. Lineolata . Mostly it used to be put under the synonymy of A. lineata . Therefore, older location information is often difficult to relate to one way or another. Boeters et al. (1989) see it as an independent species. They distinguish between two subspecies:
- Acicula lineolata lineolata (Pini, 1885). The nominate subspecies occurs only in the western northern Italian and Swiss southern Alps. The occurrence in the province of Bolzano near Gufidaun ("Gudon"), in the distribution area of A. lineolata banki, is questionable.
- Acicula lineolata banki Boeters, Gittenberger & Subai, 1989. The occurrences in southern Bavaria and the Austrian northern limestone Alps, the Austrian Karawanken and the area around Trieste (Slovenia) westwards to the province of Bergamo and in the provinces of Modena and Imperia are included in the subspecies banki . The occurrence in Hessen is questionable. The subspecies banki differs from the nominate subspecies by a more pronounced sinulus in the side view in the upper part of the mouth rim, less than 25 grooves on the penultimate passage and by a somewhat stronger angularis.
Presumably A. lineata mut. villae Stabile, 1859 an older synonym of A. lineolata Pini 1885. The name A. lineata mut. villae Stabile, 1859 by Boeters et al. (1989) considered a nomen oblitum (forgotten name) because it was not used as a valid name of this species in any of the earlier works. The species is usually cited with the year 1884; this is not correct. Issues 3/4 of the 27th volume of the Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali did not appear until 1885.
According to Boeters et al. (1989) A. lineolata banki could possibly also be classified as a subspecies of “A. beneckei ”.
Danger
In Switzerland, the species is considered endangered, although it only occurs in southern Switzerland. In Germany the species is threatened with extinction (category 1). The IUCN, however, classifies the species overall as not endangered.
supporting documents
literature
- Hans D. Boeters, Edmund Gittenberger, Péter Subai: The Aciculidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 252: 1–234, Leiden 1989. PDF
- Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 126)
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 29)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Kerney et al. (1983: p. 70)
- ↑ a b Boeters, Gittenberer & Subai (1989: pp. 67–72)
- ↑ a b c AnimalBase
- ^ Pini, Napoleone "1884" (recte 1885): Novità malacologiche. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano, 27 (3-4): 230-256, plate XII (= 12), Milan. Online at archive.org
- ↑ Turner, H., M. Wüthrich & J. Rüetschi 1994: Red List of Endangered Mollusks of Switzerland, In: Duelli, P. (Ed.), Red Lists of Endangered Animal Species in Switzerland, pp. 75–79. Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, SAEFL Red Lists series, EDMZ Bern. PDF
- ↑ Margret Binot-Hafke, Sandra Balzer, Nadine Becker, Horst Gruttke, Heiko Haupt, Natalie Hofbauer, Gerhard Ludwig, Günter Matzke-Hajek, Melanie Strauch (Red.): Red List of Endangered Animals, Plants and Mushrooms in Germany. Volume 3: Invertebrates (Part 1). 716 p., Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 2012 (Nature Conservation and Biological Diversity 70 (3)) ISBN 978-3-7843-5231-2
- ^ Von Proschwitz, T., Falkner, M., Falkner, G. & Neubert, E. 2011. Acicula lineolata. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on November 23, 2012
