Striped sludge needle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Striped sludge needle
Acicula lineata

Acicula lineata

Systematics
Superordinate : Caenogastropoda
Order : Architaenioglossa
Superfamily : Cyclophoroidea
Family : Mulm needles (Aciculidae)
Genre : Acicula
Type : Striped sludge needle
Scientific name
Acicula lineata
( Draparnaud , 1801)

The Striped Mulmnadel ( Acicula lineata ), also scribbled Mulmnadel or Striped Needle Snail is a land-living snail from the family of Mulmnadeln (Aciculidae) in the order Architaenioglossa ("old bandworm").

features

The (adult) case is 3 to 3.5 mm (2.8 to 3.7 mm) high and 1.1 to 1.2 mm (1.0 to 1.3) wide (thick). The subspecies A. lineata sublineata in northern Italy and southern Switzerland is on average somewhat smaller at 2.6 to 3.2 mm in height and 0.95 to 1.15 mm in width. The little variable case has 5½ to 6½, gradually tapering, slightly arched turns, which increase very slowly, especially from the second turn on: The last turn can very slightly decrease in width and can thus give the case a slightly spindle-shaped shape. The last turn increases slightly compared to the turn axis. The navel is closed. The shell is very stable, translucent and brightly yellowish-red to red-brown in color. The surface is smooth and shiny. Cross lines are indented at irregular intervals (around 20 to 30 on the last turn). The mouth is at an angle to the winding axis and is pear-shaped when viewed from above. The outer edge of the mouth is arched forward when viewed from the side. Dorsally, just behind the mouth, there is a strong, but not sharply defined, neck bulge on the outside of the housing, which runs from the suture to the navel and contrasts somewhat in color. The inside of the mouth seam is reinforced to form an inner lip. The abdominal bulge is sharply defined.

The translucent body is slender, whitish and relatively small or short in relation to the housing. At the head, the muzzle can be stretched far forward, but an actual proboscis is not developed. The thread-like antennae are comparatively long; at the base are the eyes. An oblique furrow runs from the head and neck to the edge of the soles of the feet. The jacket cavity extends into the housing about two passages behind the jacket edge and is therefore very long. The horny lid has 2½ to 2¾ whorls. The animals are of separate sex.

Similar species

The striped sludge needle is smaller than the dashed sludge needle ( Acicula lineolata ), slimmer and less conical. The passages increase in diameter less quickly from the second pass on. The shell of Acicula fusca is smaller and with an open umbilicus. Compared to this type, the striped sludge needle has a mouth hem with an inner lip and a clearer callus on the outer edge as well as a neck bulge. The smooth Mulmnadel ( Platyla polita ) has a smooth housing, without radial lines with a shiny surface.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The main distribution area of ​​this species are the Limestone Alps from France, via Switzerland to Austria, and the southern Alps between Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore. In Germany, the Striped Mulmnadel occurs in the Bavarian Alps and in southern Germany, but here in isolated occurrences. In Switzerland it occurs up to 1800 m above sea level.

The Striped Mulmnadel prefers to live in light forests under dead wood, stones and rubble, especially in scree slopes on slopes.

The nominate subspecies has also been described in fossil form from the Miocene in Opole (Poland), the Pliocene of Sessenheim (France) and the Pleistocene of Alsace (France).

Taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described in 1801 by Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud as Bulimus lineatus . It is the type species of the genus Acicula Hartmann, 1821 by monotype.

Currently the species is divided into two subspecies:

  • Acicula lineata lineata (Draparnaud, 1801), the nominate subspecies
  • Acicula lineata sublineata (Andreae, 1883); Northern Italy (from the province of Trento in the east to the province of Como in the west, possibly another occurrence in the province of Imperia) and southern Switzerland (Ticino): the subspecies is characterized by the somewhat smaller housing on average.

Danger

The sludge needle is considered to be potentially endangered in northern and western Switzerland, but already endangered in southern Switzerland. In Germany the species is classified as endangered

supporting documents

literature

  • HD Boeters, E. Gittenberger, P. Subai: The Aciculidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). In: Zoologische Verhandelingen. 252, Leiden 1989, pp. 1-234.
  • Klaus Bogon: Land snails. Biology, ecology, biotope protection. Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , p. 80/1.
  • Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. (= Steinbach's nature guide. 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 126.
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 .
  • Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 , p. 28.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Klaus Bogon: Land snails. Biology, ecology, biotope protection. 1990, p. 80/1.
  2. ↑ a b Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 1983, p. 70.
  3. ↑ a b AnimalBase
  4. ^ Mathias Neubauer, Thomas A. Neubauer: Opole (Poland) - a ley locality for middle Miocene terrestrial mollusc faunas. Bulletin of Geosciences 93 (1): 71-146, 2018 doi : 10.3140 / bull.geosci.1692
  5. ^ Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud: Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Montpellier, Paris 1801, p. 67. (Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson). (online at Biodiversity Heritage Library)
  6. ↑ H. Turner, M. Wüthrich, J. Rüetschi: Red List of Endangered Mollusks of Switzerland. In: P. Duelli (Ed.): Red Lists of Endangered Animal Species in Switzerland 1994. (= BUWAL series of red lists ). Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, EDMZ Bern, pp. 75–79. (PDF)
  7. ↑ Margret Binot-Hafke, Sandra Balzer, Nadine Becker, Horst Gruttke, Heiko Haupt, Natalie Hofbauer, Gerhard Ludwig, Günter Matzke-Hajek, Melanie Strauch (Red.): Red List of Endangered Animals, Plants and Mushrooms in Germany. Volume 3: Invertebrates (Part 1). (= Nature conservation and biological diversity. 70 (3)). Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7843-5231-2 .

On-line

Web links

Commons : Striped sludge needle ( Acicula lineata )  - collection of images, videos and audio files