Smooth sludge needle

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Smooth sludge needle
Smooth sludge needle (Platyla polita)

Smooth sludge needle ( Platyla polita )

Systematics
Superordinate : Caenogastropoda
Order : Architaenioglossa
Superfamily : Cyclophoroidea
Family : Mulm needles (Aciculidae)
Genre : Platyla
Type : Smooth sludge needle
Scientific name
Platyla polita
( Hartmann , 1840)

The smooth needle snail ( Platyla polita , Syn .: Acicula polita ), also smooth needle snail is a species of snail from the family of the Mulmnadeln (Aciculidae) living on land in the order Architaenioglossa ("Old Bandzüngler").

features

The case measures 2.6 to 3.4 mm (2.4 to 3.85 mm) in height and 1.05 to 1.25 mm (1.05 to 1.35 mm) in width (= thickness' ). It is cylindrical-tower-shaped with 5½ to 6½ turns and a blunt apex. The whorls are flat arched and separated from each other by a deep seam. The sideline is almost straight. The last passage rises a little near the mouth of the spiral line. The red-brown shell is very stable and transparent. The surface is smooth and very shiny in living animals. However, empty housings quickly become cloudy. The mouth is oval with a weakly reinforced mouth rim. On the inside there is a weak lip and a strong, smooth neck bulge that slopes steeply towards the rear (inside).

The soft body of the animal is light and translucent, the antennae dark gray to blackish gray. They shine through the shell when the animal has withdrawn into the housing.

Similar species

The body of the smooth sludge needle is slightly larger and thicker than the body of the dainty sludge needle ( Platyla gracilis ), and the neck bulge is wider. In contrast to the Striped Mulmnadel ( Platystyla lineata ), the species lives in slightly more humid locations.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area of ​​the species stretches from Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to western Russia and the Ukraine, albeit in mostly small, inconsistent occurrences. The southernmost occurrence is in western North Africa, the northernmost occurrence in Denmark, southern Sweden (Scania) and in the east to Lithuania and western Russia (St. Petersberg). In the southeast, the species has so far been detected as far as Romania and Bulgaria. In the middle Pleistocene the species also occurred in England.

The species prefers moderately moist forests or scree slopes, where it lives under the leaf litter, dead wood, under stones or moss on more basic soils.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described by Johann Daniel Wilhelm Hartmann in 1840 as Truncatella (Pupula) acicularis polita . The species is often found in the older literature as Acicula polita (e.g. Bogon (1990)) or as Acicula (Platyla) polita (e.g. in Kerney et al. (1983)). In the meantime, however, Platyla Moquin-Tandon, 1856, is generally recognized as an independent genus; the species is uniformly referred to in the more recent literature as Platyla polita .

Danger

The species is endangered in Germany. The species is potentially endangered in Switzerland (category 3) and already endangered in southern Switzerland. In Carinthia the species is classified in category 2, i. i.e. it is endangered there.

Overall, however, the IUCN assesses the species as “Least Concern” (= not endangered).

supporting documents

literature

  • Hans D. Boeters, Edmund Gittenberger, Péter Subai: The Aciculidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). In: Zoologische Verhandelingen. 252, Leiden 1989, pp. 1-234. (PDF)
  • Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , p. 100.
  • Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. (= Steinbach's nature guide. 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 126.
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , pp. 84-85.
  • Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 , pp. 29-30.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Klaus Bogon: Landschnecken biology, ecology, biotope protection. Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 , pp. 82-83.
  2. ↑ a b c Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 72.
  3. ↑ a b AnimalBase
  4. ^ Digna Pilate: Structure of terrestrial snail communities of Euro-Siberian Alder swamps (Cl. Alnetea Glutinosae) in Latvia. In: Acta Zoologica Lituanica. 19 (4), 2009, pp. 297-305.
  5. ^ David H Keen: Towards a late Middle Pleistocene non-marine molluscan biostratigraphy for the British Isles. In: Quaternary Science Reviews. 20 (16-17), 2001, pp. 1657-1665. doi: 10.1016 / S0277-3791 (01) 00030-0
  6. ^ Hartmann, Johann Daniel Wilhelm: Earth and fresh water gasteropods of Switzerland. With the addition of some strange exotic species. I. Volume. Si-xx [= 1-20], 1-227, Tab. I-XII [= 1-12], I-XII [sic, = 13-24], 25-84. Scheitlin & Zollikofer, St. Gallen 1840–1844. (P. 5, plate 2, fig. 1–2, published in 1840) (online at Biodiversity Heritage Library)
  7. ↑ Fauna Europaea - Platyla polita
  8. ↑ Margret Binot-Hafke, Sandra Balzer, Nadine Becker, Horst Gruttke, Heiko Haupt, Natalie Hofbauer, Gerhard Ludwig, Günter Matzke-Hajek, Melanie Strauch (Red.): Red List of Endangered Animals, Plants and Mushrooms in Germany. Volume 3: Invertebrates (Part 1). (= Nature conservation and biological diversity. 70 (3)). Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn-Bad Godesberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7843-5231-2 .
  9. ↑ H. Turner, M. Wüthrich, J. Rüetschi: Red List of Endangered Mollusks of Switzerland. In: P. Duelli (Ed.): Red Lists of Endangered Animal Species in Switzerland 1994. Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, SAEFL series Rote Lists, EDMZ Bern, pp. 75–79. (PDF)
  10. ^ Paul Mildner, Ursula Rathmayer: Red list of the molluscs of Carinthia (Mollusca). In: WE Holzinger, P. Mildner, T. Rottenburg, C. Wieser (eds.): Red lists of endangered animals in Carinthia. Nature conservation in Carinthia. 15, Klagenfurt 1999, pp. 643-662. (PDF)
  11. ^ M. Falkner, T. von Proschwitz, J. Rüetschi: Platyla polita. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. 2011. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Retrieved November 23, 2012.

On-line

Web links

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