Gliadin

ω-gliadin
Mass / length primary structure	280 amino acids
Identifier
Gene name (s)	GDO
External IDs	UniProt : Q9FUW7 ;

γ-gliadin
Mass / length primary structure	285 amino acids
Identifier
Gene name (s)	GDB
External IDs	UniProt : P21292 ;

α- / β-gliadin
	Surface model of immunoglobulin HLA-DQ complexed with gliadin according to PDB 1S9V
Mass / length primary structure	266 amino acids
Identifier
Gene name (s)	GDA
External IDs	UniProt : P02863 ;
Occurrence
Parent taxon	wheat

Ripe ears of wheat contain gliadins

As gliadin all be alcohol -soluble storage proteins of wheat , respectively. They are divided into α- / β-, γ- and ω-gliadins according to their solubility. The α- / β- and γ-gliadins are antigens responsible for celiac disease in humans, but the ω-gliadins can also trigger allergic reactions .

In contrast to glutenin , a second Osborne fraction , gliadin is soluble in 70 percent ethanol and can be fractionated accordingly. Gliadin has a molecular mass of <100,000 u . In the primary amino acid sequence, the amino acids proline and glutamine predominate ; the nutritionally important and essential amino acid lysine is less strongly represented than in the osborn fractions albumin and globulin . Genetically, the α- / β-gliadins are divided into five and the γ-gliadins into three homology classes. Each haploid genome contains over 100 copies of the coding gene for α- / β-gliadin.

Gliadin is highly elastic and not very elastic. When making wheat-based baked goods, it strengthens the dough together with the gluten and stabilizes the crumb after baking with the gelatinized starch .

Individual evidence

↑ Walter Bushuk, Vladimir F. Rasper: Wheat: Production, Properties and Quality . Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow 1994, ISBN 0-7514-0181-1 , pp. 76 ff .
↑ UniProt P02863
↑ Sumner-Smith M, Rafalski JA, Sugiyama T, Stoll M, Söll D: Conservation and variability of wheat alpha / beta-gliadin genes . In: Nucleic Acids Res . 13, No. 11, June 1985, pp. 3905-916. PMID 3839304 . PMC 341285 (free full text).

Web links

Interpro: IPR001376 Gliadin, alpha / beta

[1] Walter Bushuk, Vladimir F. Rasper: Wheat: Production, Properties and Quality . Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow 1994, ISBN 0-7514-0181-1 , pp. 76 ff .

[2] UniProt P02863

[3] Sumner-Smith M, Rafalski JA, Sugiyama T, Stoll M, Söll D: Conservation and variability of wheat alpha / beta-gliadin genes . In: Nucleic Acids Res . 13, No. 11, June 1985, pp. 3905-916. PMID 3839304 . PMC 341285 (free full text).