Velvet clams

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Velvet clams
Sea almond (Glycymeris glycymeris)

Sea almond ( Glycymeris glycymeris )

Systematics
Class : Mussels (Bivalvia)
Subclass : Autolamellibranchiata
Subclass : Pteriomorphia
Order : Arcida
Superfamily : Arcoidea
Family : Velvet clams
Scientific name
Glycymerididae
Deshayes , 1839

The Samtmuscheln (Glycymerididae) are a shell - Family from the order of Arcida .

features

The housings with the same flaps are large and mostly almost equilateral, rarely clearly unequal (subfamily Arcullaeinae). If the shells are unequal, the vertebrae are in front of the center line. They don't gape when closed. They are rounded or rounded triangular in outline. The rear edge is somewhat truncated in some species. The vertebrae are comparatively small, orthogyr (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body) or prosogyr (slightly curled forward). The ligament sits externally in front of and behind, or just in front of the vertebrae. The lock edge is more or less clearly curved (or seldom also angled), with numerous straight or bent, short teeth that are perpendicular or crooked to the lock edge, which initially become larger towards the outside and then become smaller again at the very outside. There are two sphincters of roughly the same size.

The shell is thick and heavy. Radial and / or elements parallel to the edge are used as ornamentation, as well as almost smooth housings. In the subfamily Arcullaeinae, a keel pulls from the vertebra to the rear end.

In many species there are light-sensitive spots with sensory cells (eyes) in the edge of the mantle. The foot is without a byssus gland (or the byssus gland is reduced in the course of ontogenesis).

Geographical distribution and habitat

The family is spread around the world. However, the focus of diversity is very clearly in the warmer seas.

The species live burrowing in the sediment , from the tidal area to the bathyal area (below 1000 m water depth), but mostly in the shallower water on the shelves and near the coast.

Taxonomy

The taxon was already established in 1839 by Gérard Paul Deshayes as (Quatrième Famille) Les Glycymerides. The family was also assigned to Deshayes in Latinized form (cf. Schaufuss or Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfuss, 1882–1898). Currently the family is divided into the two subfamilies Glycymeridinae and Arcullaeinae; the latter is extinct and ranges from the Lower to the Upper Cretaceous. The classification of the subfamily Glycymeridinae follows the MolluscaBase.

supporting documents

literature

  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 , p. 225
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 pp., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 132)
  • Fritz Nordsieck: The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 p., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969 (p. 25)
  • Guido Poppe. Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3925919104 (p. 45)
  • Norman D. Newell: Family Glycymerididae Dall, 1908. In: Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 2. S.N692-N698, New York, 1969.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.spektrum.de Lexicon of Biology: Velvet mussels
  2. ↑ Gérard Paul Deshayes: Traité élémentaire de conchyliologie: avec les applications de cette science à la géologie. 824 p., Crochard, Paris 1839 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 124)
  3. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Schaufuss: Molluscorum systematic et catalogus. System and list of all conchylia in the collection of Dr. Paetel. XIV + 119 S., Oscar Weiske, Dresden 1869 Online at Google Books (p. 18)
  4. ^ Bucquoy, E. - Philippe Dautzenberg, Ph., Gustave Frédéric Dollfus: Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. J.-B. Baillière, Paris 1882-1898. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 589)
  5. ↑ Joseph G. Carter, Cristian R. Altaba, Laurie C. Anderson, Rafael Araujo, Alexander S. Biakov, Arthur E. Bogan, David C. Campbell, Matthew Campbell, Chen Jin-hua, John CW Cope, Graciela Delvene, Henk H. Dijkstra, Fang Zong-jie, Ronald N. Gardner, Vera A. Gavrilova, Irina A. Goncharova, Peter J. Harries, Joseph H. Hartman, Michael Hautmann, Walter R. Hoeh, Jorgen Hylleberg, Jiang Bao-yu, Paul Johnston, Lisa Kirkendale, Karl Kleemann, Jens Koppka, Jiří Kříž, Deusana Machado, Nikolaus Malchus, Ana Márquez-Aliaga, Jean-Pierre Masse, Christopher A. McRoberts, Peter U. Middelfart, Simon Mitchell, Lidiya A. Nevesskaja, Sacit Özer, John Pojeta, Jr., Inga V. Polubotko, Jose Maria Pons, Sergey Popov, Teresa Sánchez, André F. Sartori, Robert W. Scott, Irina I. Sey, Javier H. Signorelli, Vladimir V. Silantiev, Peter W. Skelton, Thomas Steuber, J. Bruce Waterhouse, G. Lynn Wingard, Thomas Yancey: A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Kansas University Paleontological Contributions, 4: 1-47, Lawrence, Kansas, USA 2011, ISSN 1946-0279 PDF
  6. ^ Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Rüdiger Bieler, Joseph G. Carter, Eugene V. Coan: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184, 2010 doi : 10.4002 / 040.052.0201
  7. ↑ MolluscaBase: Glycymerididae Dall, 1908 (1847)