Gorze monastery reform

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The monastery reform of Gorze is one of the monastery reforms of the 10th and 11th centuries. It is named after the Benedictine monastery in Gorze Abbey ( Lorraine ), which was originally founded as Gorzia Monastery by Chrodegang , Bishop of Metz , around the year 757 .

people

On December 16, 933, the Gorze Abbey was handed over to a reform-oriented group of clergy, with Adalbero I von Bar (929–962), bishop of the Metz diocese , appointing Archdeacon Einold (also Ainold) as abbot . Einold and his assistant Johannes von Gorze were commissioned by Adalbero to rebuild and reform the decrepit monastery of Gorze. They initiated the Gorzer movement (Ordo Gorziensis) as a monastery reform. Gorze was only the center for the Lorraine part of the movement; later reform activities came from the reformed imperial abbey of St. Maximin in Trier in 934 , or from all bishops and sovereigns who emerged from this school.

Supporters of the Gorzer movement were Brun ( Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lorraine ), Bishop Adalbert of Magdeburg , as well as the teacher of the later German King Heinrich II , Bishop Wolfgang von Regensburg and Abbot Ramwold from the Regensburg monastery of Sankt Emmeram . Under the reign of Henry Trier reform monks for the most important imperial abbeys were Prüm Abbey , Hersfeld Abbey , Lorsch Abbey and monastery of Fulda used. Archbishop Bruno of Cologne, the brother of Otto the Great , led in the year 951 in Lorsch the Ordo Gorziensis and built the monastery became a center of the reform movement: Kloster Corvey , Fulda Abbey, Abbey of St. Gall , Monastery of St. Martin (Cologne) and Amorbach Monastery were reformed from there in the spirit of the Gorzer movement. The work of Bishop Adalbero von Würzburg is also connected with the Gorz movement .

content

The Gorzer reform around Abbot Einold consisted of a strict return to the Benedictine Rule as defined by the Synods of Aachen . The collectio capitularis adopted there , the washing of the feet and hands of the poor by the monks on Maundy Thursday was also propagated. It arose independently of the Cluniac Reform , but the core issue is similar. However, in contrast to the Cluniac reform, the Gorz reform formed more of a decentralized association of like-minded abbeys. A second wave of broadcasting in the 11th century is more closely related to Cluny in terms of content. In addition to the previous content, there is a very conscientious worship service and a deeper spirituality.

distribution

The more recent research no longer wants to commit itself to an exact number of monasteries that were influenced by the Gorzer reform. Estimates of 160 monasteries are considered too high.

literature

  • Kassius Hallinger: Gorze-Kluny. Studies on the monastic forms of life and opposites in the High Middle Ages . 2 volumes. Herder, Rome 1950–1951 ( Studia Anselmiana 22 / 23–24 / 25, ZDB ID 423829-1 ), Grossmann review from the Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, 1957 on jstor.org (accessed on September 11, 2012)
  • John Nightingale: Monasteries and Patrons in the Gorze Reform. Lotharingia c. 850-1000 . Clarendon Press, Oxford et al. 2001, ISBN 0-19-820835-9 (Oxford historical monographs)

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c M. Parisse, Art. Gorze, in: Lexikon des Mittelalters. Verlag JB Metzler, Vol. 4, columns 1565-1567.
  2. ^ Jörg Sonntag, Monastery life in the mirror of the symbolic. Symbolic thinking and acting of high medieval monks between duration and change, thinking and habit. Lit Verlag Dr. W. Hopf Berlin 2008, p. 600f.
  3. ↑ W. Hartmann, Art. Gorze, in: Religion in Past and Present. Brill Online, 2016.
  4. ^ Edeltraud Klueting, Monasteria semper reformanda. Monastery reforms in the Middle Ages. Lit Verlag Münster 2005, p. 22.
  5. ^ Edeltraud Klueting, Monasteria semper reformanda. Monastery reforms in the Middle Ages. Lit Verlag Münster 2005, p. 21.