Gran Vía
The Gran Vía was until the 1960s the largest and most important shopping street of Madrid . Even today there are still numerous boutiques, cinemas, ice cream parlors and theaters there. It begins near the Plaza de Cibeles : At the junction with Calle de Alcalá is the Metropolis House . From there it goes up to the intersection with Calle Montera and Calle de Fuencarral ( Red de San Luis ), where the Telefónica tower is located. The Gran Vía station of Metro lines 1 and 5 is also located there. Then Gran Vía continues to Plaza del Callao and then downhill to Plaza de España .
history
As early as the middle of the 19th century, based on the Paris model of the plans by Georges-Eugène Haussmann , people thought of a road breakthrough between the center and the north-west of Madrid. On March 3, 1886, a relevant project was approved but not implemented. From 1897 to 1901 the discussions about a new project, some of which were fierce, dragged on. A breakthrough in three sections was proposed: Avenida A (534 m) Bulevar (409 m) and Avenida B (417 m). Street width 25 m, in the case of the boulevard 35 m.
Construction began on April 4, 1910. The first section was completed in 1910–1915, and the entire project was completed by 1927.
Due to the turbulent history of Spain in the 20th century, the street had different names. The first section (1910-1917) was initially called Calle del Conde de Peñalver; the second (1917–1921) Calle de Francisco Pi i Margall , the third, begun in 1925, Calle Eduardo Dato Iradier . Shortly before the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, “revolutionary” names were in demand. Sections 1 and 2 were now called Avenida de la CNT, after the anarcho-syndicalist union Confederación Nacional del Trabajo . During the civil war they were called Avenida de Rusia, which was soon improved to Avenida de la Unión Soviética. In the vernacular, this was varied to Avenida de los obuses - "Howitzer avenue" - because the tall Telefonica building in particular served as a target for the artillery of the besieging Franco troops. Under Franco, the street was officially called Avenida de José Antonio, after the founder of the Falange José Antonio Primo de Rivera . Since 1981 it has been officially called - as previously unofficially - simply Gran Via ("Great Street").
Important buildings and their architects
first section
- Edificio Metrópolis (1911) by Jules and Raymond Février . Actually still No. 39 on calle de Alcalá , the Metropolis house marks the "gateway to Gran Via"
- Gran Vía 1 (1916-1917), by Eladio Laredo y Carranza . Historicism mixed with Art Nouveau. This is where the Molinero café was located.
- Gran Vía 2. Edificio de La Gran Peña (1917), by Eduardo Gambra Sanz and Antonio de Zumárraga .
- Gran Vía 3 (1918), by the brothers Javier and Luis Feduchi .
- Gran Vía 4 (1917–1919), by Ruíz Senen, José Mendoza y Ussía and José Aragón Pradera .
- Gran Vía 5, by José Monasterio Arrillaga .
- Gran Vía 6 (1917-1919), by Mendoza y Ussía and Aragón Pradera.
- Gran Vía 7 La Estrella insurance building (1917–1922) by Pedro Mathet . Neo-renaissance.
- Gran Vía 8 (1915) by Francisco Pérez de los Rios . The first finished building on Gran Via.
- Gran Vía 9, by Francisco Reynals .
- Gran Vía 10, by Pedro Mathet .
- Gran Vía 11 (1915–1917), by Cesáreo Iradier .
- Gran Vía 12, by Eduardo Reynals .
- Gran Vía 13, Casino Militar by Eduardo Sánchez Eznarriaga . A mixture of baroque and modern.
- Gran Vía 15 (1918–1921), by Juan García Cascales .
- Gran Vía 17 back of the Oratorio del Caballero de Gracia (1916) by Carlos de Luque . Reconstruction in the 1970s by Javier Feduchi Benlliure
- Gran Vía 18 (1915-1916), by Felipe de Sala Blanco and Eduardo Reynals .
- Gran Vía 19 (1977), by Francisco Calero .
- Gran Vía 21 (1915-1918), by Julio Martínez Zapata .
- Gran Vía 22 (1919), by Secundino Zuazo .
- Gran Vía 22 duplicado, by Lomas, Manchobes and Vicente García Cabrera .
- Gran Via 24 Círculo de la Unión Mercantil e Industrial (1918–1924), by Joaquín and Luis Sáinz de los Terreros .
second part
- Gran Vía 23 (1918–1923), by Vicente Agustí Elguero y José Espelius Anduaga .
- Gran Vía 25 (1920–1925), by Modesto López Otero .
- Gran Vía 26 (1914-1916), by Pablo Aranda Sánchez .
- Gran Vía 27, Casa Matesanz (1919–1923) by Antonio Palacios , influenced by the Chicago School.
- Gran Vía 28 Edificio Telefónica (1926–1929) by Ignacio de Cárdenas .
- Gran Vía 29 Casa del Libro , by José Yarnoz Larrosa .
- Gran Vía 30 Teatro Fontalba (1919–1924) by Salaberry and Teodoro Anasagasti .
- Gran Vía 31 (1925-1927), by José Miguel de la Quadra-Salcedo .
- Gran Vía 32 Edificio Madrid-París (1922–1924), Madrid's tallest building until the construction of the Telefonica House. Architects Anasagasti.
- Gran Vía 33 (1922), by Pablo Aranda.
- Gran Vía 34 (1921–1924), by José Yarnoz Larrosa and Antonio Palacios. The hotel was first called Hotel Alfonso XIII , then Avenida , today Cibeles Cibeles .
- Gran Vía 35 Palacio de la Música (1926), by Secundino Zuazo Ugalde .
- Gran Vía 37, Cine Avenida (1927–1928), by José Miguel de la Quadra-Salcedo .
- Gran Vía 38, Hotel Atlántico, by Joaquín Saldaña y López .
- Gran Vía 49 Seguros la Adriática (1926–1928), by Luis Sáinz de los Terreros .
- Gran Vía 40 (1926–1927), by José Miguel de la Quadra-Salcedo .
- Gran Vía 42 (1923-1926), by Pedro Mathet .
- Gran Vía 44 (1922-1925), by Teodoro de Anasagasti .
- Gran Vía 46 Palacio de la Prensa (1924) by Pedro Muguruza Otaño with what was once a large cinema for 2,000 spectators.
Third section
- Gran Vía 41 Edificio Carrión (1931–1933), by Luis Martínez Feduchi and Vicente Eced y Eced .
- Gran Vía 43 (1947), by Luis Gutiérrez Soto . Rex cinema.
- Gran Vía 47 (1930), by Eduardo Figueroa .
- Gran Vía 49 (1929–1931), by Eugenio Fernández Quintanilla and José Osuna Fajardo , an early example of modernism in Madrid.
- Gran Vía 52, by Luis Díaz de Tolosa .
- Gran Vía 53, 55, 57, 59 Edificio Lope de Vega (1945–1949), by Joaquín Otamendi and Julián Otamendi . Rebuild in 2003
- Gran Vía 54 Cine Rialto (1930), by José Aragón and Mendoza y Ussía.
- Gran Vía 56 (1928–1929), by Vicente García Cabrera and Jesús Carrasco Muñoz .
- Gran Vía 58 (1927–1928), by Luis López López .
- Gran Vía 60 Edificio del Banco Hispano de Edificación (1930), by Emilio Ortiz de Villajos .
- Gran Vía 62, by García Lomas y Jesús Martín.
- Gran Vía 64, by Fernando de Escondrillas .
- Gran Vía 66 Cine Gran Vía , by Germán Álvarez Sotomayor .
- Gran Vía 70 (1945-1946), by Pan da Torre . Albergó el cine Pompeya.
- Gran Vía 72 (1952), by Enrique Colás Fontán .
- Gran Vía 74 Hotel Menfis (1953-1954)
- Gran Vía 78 Edificio Coliseum (1931–1932), by Casto Fernández-Shaw y Pedro Muguruza
La Gran Vía and popular culture
The composer Federico Chueca wrote a Zarzuela titled La Gran Vía for the libretto by Felipe Pérez y González, about the disputes over the street breakthrough in the 1880s.
literature
- Deborah L. Parsons: A Cultural History of Madrid: Modernism and the Urban Spectacle , especially pp. 82ff
- José del Corral: La Gran Vía , in Madrid (Volume IV), Espasa-Calpe, SA, Madrid, 1979 ISBN 84-239-5374-2
- Maria Zozaya; Clemente Barrena, José Miguel Medrano: La Gran Vía , Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, 2002, Madrid. ( ISBN 84-87181-83-X )
- José del Corral: La Gran Vía. Historia de una calle . Sílex ediciones , Madrid, 2002. ISBN 84-7737-114-8
Web links
Coordinates: 40 ° 25 ′ 12 ″ N , 3 ° 42 ′ 13 ″ W.