Bone tumor
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| C40 | Malignant neoplasm of the bone and articular cartilage of the extremities |
| C41 | Malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage in other and unspecified locations |
| D16 | Benign neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage |
| D48 | New formation of unsafe or unknown behavior at other and unspecified locations |
| D48.0 | Bones and articular cartilage |
| C79.5 | Secondary malignant neoplasm of bone and bone marrow |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
A bone tumor is a benign (benign) or malignant (malignant) swelling of the bone .
definition
Bone tumors can basically be divided into two categories:
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primary bone tumors originate directly from the bone tissue ( cartilage , osteoblasts or osteoclasts ). It is typical for primary bone tumors that they have a predilection age and location . There is also usually a gender difference and often special symptoms. The primary bone tumors usually occur in the zone of longitudinal growth ( epiphyseal plate and metaphysis ); Ewing's sarcoma is an exception , as it is mostly located in the diaphysis . Since the tumors usually grow destructively (destructively), the X-ray image must be included in the diagnosis. Radiologically , they are classified according to the Lodwick classification .
In other words: the X-ray is the macroscopic view of the bone tumors. The endings -chondroma, -osteom and -blastom stand for benign, the ending -sarcoma for malignant. - Secondary bone tumors are metastases from tumors in other locations in the bone. These bone metastases are far more common than primary bone tumors and often occur in the spine (80% of the metastases originate from prostate cancer , bronchial cancer , breast cancer, or renal cell carcinoma ).
Osseous bone tumors
These tumors originate from the osteoclasts or the osteoblasts. Benign bone tumors grow slowly and displaced and do not settle metastases . The enostome is not a tumor.
- Osteoma , benign, almost exclusively in the sinuses occurring, occurs when syndrome Gardner on
- Osteoid osteoma : benign, not uncommon, painful small tumor in the substantia compacta (nidus)
- Osteoblastoma : similar to the osteoid osteoma, but larger and often in vertebral bodies
- Osteosarcoma : the most common malignant bone tumor with extremely aggressive growth and early metastasis
Cartilaginous tumors
- Osteochondroma or cartilaginous exostosis, ecchondroma: the most common benign bone tumor
- Chondroma (or enchondroma ): cartilaginous, often on the hands and feet
- Chondroblastoma : rarely, in children on the terminal (epiphyseal) growth plates of long bones
- chondromyxoid fibroma : rare semimalignant tumor
- Chondrosarcoma : starting from cartilage surfaces, malignant
Connective tissue tumors
These primary tumors originate from the connective tissue of the bone matrix. They are called bone fibromas. The non-ossifying fibroma is not a tumor, but a hamartoma .
- Ossifying bone fibroma also known as osteofibroma , mostly in the jawbone
- Desmoplastic bone fibroma , can occur anywhere and is prone to recurrence , semi-malignant
- Bone fibrosarcoma , more rarely malignant tumor, histologically this tumor is identical to the soft tissue fibrosarcoma
Histiocytic bone tumors
- Benign fibrous histiocytoma is rare; soft tissue histiocytoma is more common
- Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
- Osteoclastoma also known as giant cell tumor of the bone, besides the chondroblastoma the only primary, epiphyseal, lytic bone tumor of the long tubular bones, can be semi-malignant, third-degree osteoclastomas are always malignant
Osteomyelogenic tumors
These tumors emanating from the bone marrow space either originate from progenitor cells of the plasma cell or are undifferentiated.
- Plasmocytoma synonymous with Kahler's disease, disease originating in plasma cells and affecting the bones, malignant
- Ewing's sarcoma : starting from the bone marrow space, according to WHO definition: PAS positive without fiber formation, malignant
Bone metastases
Tumor-like bone diseases
- Juvenile (solitary) bone cyst : single cavity formation with accumulation of fluid
- Aneurysmal bone cyst : multiple cavities in long bones and flat bones such as the pelvis and vertebrae
- Fibrous dysplasia or " Osteofibrosis deformans juvenilis Uehlinger ", " Jaffe-Lichtenstein syndrome "
literature
- K. Krishnan Unni, Carrie Y. Inwards: Dahlin's Bone Tumors: General Aspects and Data on 10,165 Cases , 6th Edition. Lippincott / Williams & Wilkins 2009. ISBN 978-0-7817-6242-7 .
- Jürgen Freyschmidt , Helmut Ostertag, Gernot Jundt: Bone tumors with jaw tumors. Clinic-Radiology-Pathology , 3rd edition. Springer 2010. ISBN 978-3-540-75152-6 .
- Fritz Schajowicz : Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of Bone: Pathology, Radiology, and Treatment , 2nd edition. Springer 1994. ISBN 978-0-387-55366-5 .
