Grete Fleischmann

Grete Fleischmann (born October 12, 1905 in Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , † December 23, 1993 in Schopfheim ) was a German sculptor .

Life

Grete Fleischmann grew up as the second child of a pharmacist in Mannheim . She began her artistic training at home and abroad at the age of 20. In 1925 she was a student with Heinrich Waderé in Munich. Together with three colleagues from Munich, she spent 1926 at the art academy in Rome, which she used to study sculpture and to visit museums. In 1928 she attended the United State Schools for Free and Applied Arts in Berlin , where she was a student of Wilhelm Gerstel . In Berlin she worked for half a year in the Berlin porcelain factory .

After studying in Berlin, she returned to Mannheim for a long time, where she owned a basement studio in B 6.3. To work in diabase , she regularly drove to the small sculptor Kochendörfer in Waldkirch / Bregenz, where she met pupils of Karl Albiker from Dresden . At their suggestion, she applied in 1931 with a life-size portrait head of the actor Willy Birgel made in diabase , a form-rigorous portrait that is characterized by cubic streamlining and smooth surfaces. Until 1937 Grete Fleischmann was a student of Albiker at the Art Academy in Dresden . At the time she was the only female student there besides Ilse Riekert . She graduated with an honorary certificate.

Their first participation in a collective exhibition took place in 1932 with the artists' association PORZA in the Mannheimer Kunstverein . In 1938 she joined the Mannheimer Werkgemeinschaft and exhibited with her. She became engaged to one of the artists, the painter Hans Dochow . He was drafted in 1940 and fell in Russia in 1942, so the marriage did not materialize.

During the war, Grete Fleischmann initially stayed in Mannheim; In 1943 she moved to Schopfheim because the house with the pharmacy and her studio had been completely destroyed by bombs. Since the search for a new studio turned out to be difficult, she initially earned her living by commissioning portraits. She also took part in a number of exhibitions, in 1943 in Vienna, in 1947 in Neustadt / Black Forest and in Freiburg, in 1948 and 1949 in Darmstadt, in 1951 in Baden-Baden and Munich. An international exhibition, the IVème Exposition Internationale in Paris, also showed some of her works in 1959. From 1955 she worked as a secretary and retired in 1971. At that time she joined the BBK Südbaden .

In 1999 a street was named after her in the Mannheim district of Neuhermsheim .

Works

Grete Fleischmann's works are characterized by their relationship between large form and detail. On the one hand, her full-length figures and portrait heads show a closeness to reality in the form of recognizable eyes, corners of the mouth, fingers, toes, etc., on the other hand, these details are subordinate to the overarching form. In her oeuvre as a whole, there is a consistency in the style to which she remained loyal throughout her entire artistic work. Her work includes portrait heads of children, adolescents and adults, some full-body figures and a torso that arose from the damage to a full-body cast. The sculptor used clay, plaster, diabase and bronze as material. There are no sculptural sketches, as she preferred immediate implementation in clay and plaster sketches.

• 1925: portrait head Erich Steinert (sound)
• 1928: back act (sound)
• 1930: Portrait of the actor Willy Birgel (plaster, later implemented in diabase, owned by the Reiss-Engelhorn-Museum Mannheim)
• 1935: Vigo d'Albert (clay construction work on steel-wire scaffolding)
• 1935: Young musician (female portrait in diabase)
• 1938: Towel holder (tinted plaster)
• 1938/1939: jug bearer (sketch in bronze, life-size plaster of paris is damaged by bombs in 1943, owned by the Museum of the City of Schopfheim)
• approx. 1939: Hanni (plaster)
• 1940: Thilde Fondelli-Martens (plaster portrait)
• 1940: Ludwig Straub (portrait in plaster)
• 1940: Richard Papsdorf (portrait in plaster, owned by the Museum of the City of Schopfheim)
• before 1940: Keßler (plaster portrait bust of the actress, owned by the Kunsthalle Mannheim )
• ca.1941 : Gertrud Kressynin-Heddäus (portrait in plaster)
• 1941: Seated woman (cast bronze, owned by the Kunsthalle Mannheim, currently missing)
• 1942: Self-portrait in tinted plaster, owned by the Museum of the City of Schopfheim
• after 1945: numerous portrait heads of fallen sons from Mannheim families, head studies of children and adolescents as well as portraits of well-known personalities from Schopfheim and a memorial in the Schopfheim cemetery
• 1983: Torso (created from the damaged mug carrier, cast in bronze, in the foyer of the Schopfheimer Stadthalle)

literature

• Bernhard Bischoff: Schopfheim artist portrait Grete Fleischmann. In: Yearbook '86. City of Schopfheim. Schopfheim 1987, ISSN 0930-3146.
• Women commissioner: City without women? Women in the history of Mannheim. Edition Quadrat, Mannheim 1993, ISBN 3-923003-61-7 .
• Städtische Galerie (Karlsruhe): Women on the move? Women artists in the German southwest 1800-1945. Self-published, Karlsruhe 1995, ISBN 3-92334431-7 .

Web links

• Short biography of Grete Fleischmann at Landesbibliographie Baden-Württemberg online

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Mannheim (Germany). Women's representative: City without women? Women in the history of Mannheim . Edition Quadrat, Mannheim 1993, ISBN 3-923003-61-7 .
2. ↑ Ursula Merkel: The first generation - female artists at the academies in Stuttgart and Karlsruhe . In: Städtische Galerie Karlsruhe (ed.): Women on the move? Women artists in the German southwest 1800-1945 . Self-published, Karlsruhe 1995, ISBN 3-923344-31-7 , p. 201-226 .
3. ↑ ^{a b} Bischoff, Bernhard: Schopfheim artist portrait Grete Fleischmann . In: City of Schopfheim (Ed.): Yearbook '86 City of Schopfheim . 1987, ISSN  0930-3146 , p. 39-41 .
4. ↑ Grete-Fleischmann-Strasse | MARCHIVUM. Retrieved April 22, 2020 . 
5. ↑ Städtische Galerie Karlsruhe (ed.): Women on the move ? : Women artists in the German Southwest 1800-1945 . Self-published, Karlsruhe 1995, ISBN 3-923344-31-7 .