Big double decker
| Big double decker | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Type: | Glider |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: |
Machine factory Otto Lilienthal |
| First flight: |
1895 |
| Commissioning: |
1895 |
| Production time: |
1895-1895 |
| Number of pieces: |
Unique |
.svg){kind=small}
The Big Double Decker emerged in 1895 as an evolution of normal sail apparatus of Otto Lilienthal , the first series (sliding) - aircraft history. It's, like this, a hang glider . Control is done by shifting your weight .
development
The aim was to enlarge the load-bearing surface of the tested normal sailing apparatus without increasing the wingspan, which would have made steering even more difficult due to the very limited possibilities for shifting weight in Lilienthal's cockpit. In the same year, Lilienthal had already expanded the smaller storm wing model into a small double-decker . The large biplane built on the experience. It was one of the numerous constructions only flown by Lilienthal himself. Numerous flights with both double-deckers from the Fliegeberg in Lichterfelde near Berlin and in 1896 only with the large double-decker at Gollenberg (Havelland) near the municipality of Stölln in Havelland are documented in photography . It is the first successful double-decker in history.
Construction details
The lower wing corresponds completely to that of the normal sailing apparatus. The upper wing is not collapsible like the lower one, but can only be divided in the middle. This means that the double-decker can also be easily dismantled to a manageable transport width of two meters.
In addition to the desired increase in the load capacity of the larger wing area, the upper wing changed the flight mechanical properties compared to the monoplane. The higher center of lift led to more stable flight behavior and better manageability in flight. Lilienthal pursued the goal of being able to entrust himself to stronger winds in order to get into the "permanent flight" ( gliding ) he was striving for.
Technical specifications
- Span: 6.7 m
- Weight: 25 kg
- maximum flight distance (reached from Lilienthal): 250 m
- Slip ratio: 1: 4
reconstruction
The original has not been preserved. However, there are several examples of the normal sailing apparatus on which it is based. Reconstructions exist in various museums. The reconstruction was also possible with great accuracy through numerous detailed photographs.
Studies on flight stability and control as well as practical flights were carried out in 2019 by Prof. Markus Raffel from the German Aerospace Center . The tests were a continuation of the aerodynamic and flight-mechanical investigation of the normal apparatus carried out by the institute in 2016.
literature
- On Lilienthal's aircraft construction: Stephan Nitsch : From jump to flight . Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-327-01090-0 , new edition under the title Die Flugzeug von Otto Lilienthal. Technology - documentation - reconstruction . Otto-Lilienthal-Museum Anklam 2016, ISBN 978-3-941681-88-0
See also
Web links
- Overview of all aircraft built by Lilienthal. Otto-Lilienthal-Museum , 2016, accessed on December 10, 2019 .
- The Dutchman Johannes Hogebrink used the preserved photographs of Lilienthal's flights to create the realistic film animation of a typical flight on the Fliegeberg in Lichterfelde.
- Robert Gast: The great moment of technology - Otto Lilienthal and the dream of flying. Neue Zürcher Zeitung , May 19, 2016.
- Report from the DLR press conference on the investigations and flights with the replica of the double-decker on September 18, 2019 in Anklam. MV1 , September 20, 2019, accessed December 11, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Robert Gast, Markus Raffel: You think you can really fly. Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, October 3, 2019, accessed on October 4, 2019 .
- ↑ DLR employees manage to fly with a replica of Otto Lilienthal. German Aerospace Center V. (DLR), September 18, 2019, accessed on October 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Bärbel Wiethoff: Researchers test Lilienthal gliders in Göttingen. NDR - Norddeutscher Rundfunk, May 19, 2016, accessed on May 19, 2016 .
- ↑ The beginnings of flying: Lilienthal flight apparatus passes test in the wind tunnel. In: Science. Spiegel Online , May 18, 2016, accessed on May 18, 2016 : "The crash could not have been due to the construction."
