Great stone graves near Bornsen (Bienenbüttel)
| Great stone graves near Bornsen (Bienenbüttel) | |||
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 6 '19.9 " N , 10 ° 25' 15.2" E | ||
| place | Bienenbüttel , Lower Saxony , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | 740-742 | ||
The megalithic graves near Bornsen are two preserved and several destroyed graves of the Neolithic funnel cup culture near the Bornsen district in the district of Uelzen , Lower Saxony, which belongs to the municipality of Bienenbüttel . The two systems that have been preserved bear the Sprockhoff numbers 740 and 741, and one destroyed system has the number 742.
location
The graves form two groups: The first is located northwest of Bornsen in the Wichmannsdorf forest, part of the Süsing . In 1841, Johann Karl Wächter listed three existing grave complexes for this site, but only one of them can be safely identified as a large stone grave . It is about the grave marked C in his plan, which corresponds to grave 1 (no. 740) near Sprockhoff. 175 paces to the north-east of it, he lists a second complex, which, according to his description, is not a large stone grave , but an end-Neolithic burial mound . Another 125 paces east of this was another system that has now completely disappeared. Since Wächter does not provide a description for this, it is not clear whether it was a large stone grave or a burial mound.
The second group is located southwest of Bornsen, 2.2 km south of group 1. It originally consisted of three graves lined up in an east-west line, as can be seen on the map made by Georg Otto Carl von Estorff in 1846 . Of these, only the western one still exists, which corresponds to grave 2 (no. 741) near Sprockhoff. It is right on the edge of a dirt road. For the other two, Estorff only gives more information for the eastern one. This corresponds to grave no. 742 near Sprockhoff.
description
Preserved graves
Grave 1
The grave is oriented roughly east-west. It has a length of 35 m and a width of 5 m. It originally consisted of a stone bed and a mound, in the eastern part of which the burial chamber was located. All stones of the grave are missing today, but the mound still reaches a height of 1 m. The scuff marks of the former stones are partly still clearly visible.
Grave 2
Grave 2 has a heavily destroyed barn bed that is oriented northwest-southeast. The dimensions of the giant bed cannot be determined as there are hardly any stones left. They are completely missing on the narrow sides, four are still preserved on the north-eastern long side and eight on the south-western one, but not all of them in situ . In the area of the burial chamber, the mound still reaches a height of 1.5 m. The burial chamber is located in the south-eastern part of the burial chamber, but not in the middle, but shifted towards the south-eastern long side. It is oriented slightly diagonally to the course of the megalithic bed and consists of two large cap stones and three wall stones standing in situ - two on the southern long side and one on the northern one. Sprockhoff's reconstruction is based on originally three pairs of wall stones on the long sides and just as many cap stones. The reconstruction drawing by Estorffs, however, indicates a much larger burial chamber that extends over three quarters of the length of the megalithic bed.
The destroyed grave 742
The original appearance of the tomb can only be reconstructed using a drawing by Estorffs. However, it was already severely damaged in 1846. It was an approximately east-west oriented barren bed with a length of about 30 m. Most of the enclosing stones were missing as early as 1846. On the eastern narrow side three were still preserved, on the southern long side two and on the northern nine. In the western part of the Hünenbett stood the inclined burial chamber, which originally had six pairs of wall stones on the long sides. When the photo was taken by von Estorff, one wall stone was already missing on the south-western long side and all cap stones. The burial chamber measured about 10 m × 1.6 m.
See also
literature
- Georg O. Carl von Estorff : Pagan antiquities of the area of Uelzen in the former Bardengaue (Kingdom of Hanover). Hahn'sche Hof bookstore, Hanover 1846, ( digitized ).
- Karl Hermann Jacob : The megalithic graves of the district of Ülzen and the protection of the prehistoric monuments. In: News sheet for Lower Saxony's prehistory. Volume 1, 1920 p. 19.
- Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 3: Lower Saxony - Westphalia. Rudolf-Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1975, ISBN 3-7749-1326-9 , pp. 54-55.
- Johann Karl Wächter: Statistics of the pagan monuments existing in the kingdom of Hanover. Historical Association for Lower Saxony, Hanover 1841, p. 29, plate H, Fig. 1 and 2. Digitized
