Great stone graves at Tynaarlo

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Great stone graves at Tynaarlo Hunebed D6, Hunebed D6a
The large stone grave D6 in Tynaarlo

The large stone grave D6 in Tynaarlo
Great stone graves near Tynaarlo (Netherlands)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates Tynaarlo D6 coordinates: 52 ° 47 '45.9 "  N , 6 ° 47' 13.8"  O , tynaarlo D6a
place Tynaarlo , OT Tynaarlo , Drenthe , The Netherlands
Emergence 3470 to 2760 BC Chr.
van Giffen no. D6, D6a

The megalithic graves near Tynaarlo were originally probably two megalithic tombs of the Neolithic western group of the funnel cup culture in Tynaarlo , a district of the municipality of the same name in the Dutch province of Drenthe . Only one of these still exists today. The second grave was destroyed at an unknown date. Its remains were archaeologically examined in 1928 . The graves bear the Van Giffen numbers D6 and D6a.

location

Grave D6 is located on the eastern outskirts of Tynaarlo directly north of the Hunebedstraat. D6a was east of it.

Research history

Grave D6 was possibly first mentioned on a map from 1570 under the name "Duvel's Kutte". The first reliable mention was made in 1711 by Ludolf Smids . Due to its good state of preservation, it was a popular motif for painters in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1878 the first documentation was made by William Collings Lukis and Henry Dryden . In 1918 Albert Egges van Giffen documented grave D6 for his atlas of the Dutch large stone graves. In 1928 he examined two sites west of it, which he believed to be the remains of two other large stone graves and numbered D6e and D6f. According to Jan N. Lanting, D6f was not a grave, but only rubble from the neighboring complex, which he renumbered from D6e to D6a. The D6 facility has been a national monument ( Rijksmonument ) since 1993 .

description

Grave D6

D6 is one of the best preserved large stone graves in the Netherlands. It is a south-east-north-west oriented passage grave . The burial chamber has a length of 5.5 m and a width of 3.1 m. It has three pairs of wall stones on the long sides, one end stone each on the narrow sides and three cap stones. The entrance to the chamber is located between the first and second wall stones on the south-western long side, seen from the southeast. Upstream gangways could not be found. There is no stone enclosure.

Grave D6a

D6a was probably an east-southeast-west-northwest oriented passage grave. The burial chamber had a length of 4.8 m and a width of 2 m. It had four pairs of wall stones on the long sides and one end stone each on the narrow sides. Between the standing holes in the wall stones, van Giffen was also able to detect six post holes and floor discoloration running between them. Presumably it was a post construction related to the construction of the tomb.

Finds

Grave D6 was never systematically excavated. Lukis and Dryden only picked up a few shards from the chamber. During the investigation of D6a many finds came to light, above all ceramics but also flint - axes , arrowheads and amber - pearls of the funnel beaker culture as well as fragments of a late Neolithic bell beaker .

literature

  • Jan Albert Bakker : A list of the extant and formerly present hunebedden in the Netherlands. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 30, 1988, pp. 63-72 ( online ).
  • Jan Albert Bakker: The Dutch Hunebedden. Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor 1992, ISBN 1-87962-102-9 .
  • Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From 'Giant's Beds' and 'Pillars of Hercules' to accurate investigations. Sidestone Press, Leiden 2010, ISBN 9789088900341 , pp. 206-207 ( online version ).
  • Evert van Ginkel , Sake Jager, Wijnand van der Sanden: Hunebedden. Monuments van een steentijdcultuur. Uniepers, Abcoude 1999, ISBN 978-9068252026 , pp. 167, 194.
  • Albert Egges van Giffen : De Hunebedden in Nederland , 3 volumes. Oosthoek, Utrecht 1925.
  • Jan N. Lanting: De NO-Nederlandse / NW-Duitse Klokbekergroep: culturele achtergrond, typologie van het aardewerk, datering, verspreiding en grafritueel. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 49/50, 2007/2008 (2008), pp. 276-277 ( online ).
  • G. de Leeuw: Onze hunebedden. Gids before Drentse hunebedden en de Trechterbekerkultuur . Flint 'Nhoes, Borger 1984.
  • William Collings Lukis : Report on the hunebedden of Drenthe, Netherlands. In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London. 2nd series. Volume 8, 1878, pp. 47-55 ( online ).
  • Wijnand van der Sanden , Hans Dekker: Gids voor de hunebedden in Drenthe en Groningen . WBooks, Zwolle 2012, ISBN 978-9040007040 .
  • Nynke de Vries: Excavating the Elite? Social stratification based on cremated remains in the Dutch hunebedden. Master thesis, Groningen 2015 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Great stone tomb Tynaarlo  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anna L. Brindley : The typochronology of TRB West Group pottery. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 28, 1986, pp. 93-132 ( online ). Annual figures corrected according to Moritz Mennenga : Between Elbe and Ems. The settlements of the funnel beaker culture in northwest Germany (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 13). Habelt, Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7749-4118-2 , p. 93 ( online ).
  2. ^ Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: 467470 te Tynaarlo