Hairy heather snail
| Hairy heather snail | ||||||||||||
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Hairy heather snail ( Xerotricha conspurcata ) |
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| Xerotricha conspurcata | ||||||||||||
| ( Draparnaud , 1801) |
The hairy heather snail ( Xerotricha conspurcata ) is a species of snail of the Geomitridae family from the order of the land snail (Stylommatophora).
features
The pressed-conical shell is 3 to 5 mm high and 5 to 8 mm wide (3.3 to 4.5 × 4.8 to 6.8 mm), and in comparison (with other heather snails) little variable. The thread is low-conical, the underside is arched. The five to six turns (four to five turns) are slightly shouldered on the periphery and form a moderately deep seam. The shoulders are above the periphery. The rounded navel is narrow; it is only about 1/7 to 1/6 the width of the case. The last turn only lowers slightly towards the mouth and only just before the edge of the mouth. The mouth is elliptical, the edge of the mouth sharp and not turned outwards or only slightly in the navel area. There is also no lip on the inside at the edge of the mouth.
The opaque housing is brownish, sometimes whitish. The drawing consists of faint dark bands or irregular light spots that form patterns. The surface is somewhat irregular but clearly and densely striped. In young animals, the surface of the housing is covered with fine, slightly curved hairs 0.2 to 0.3 mm long. In the adult animals, the hairs have almost always fallen off. Only the hair scars are still visible.
The soft body is small (compared to the case size) and light reddish with a black-brown back and head. The tentacles are comparatively short. In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the short vas deferens open at an acute angle into the epiphallus. The flagellum is short and thin, only about one-third the length of the epiphallus. The epiphallus is also comparatively short, only about twice as long as the penis. The epiphallus and penis are not clearly separated from each other. The penile retractor muscle attaches to the epiphallus / penis transition area. The two large arrow sacks, each with a love arrow, are attached to the vagina, even before the penis joins the genital atrium. Glandulae mucosae with few branches follow the arrow sacks . The free fallopian tube is very short. The stem of the spermathec is very long, the bladder lies against the egg ladder.
Similar species
The shell of the hairy heather snail resembles that of Microxeromagna lowei ; but this is further naveled and the juvenile case has shorter but denser hairs.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The hairy heather snail occurs in the entire Mediterranean area (with the exception of Cyprus, where it has not yet been detected). Presumably the original distribution area was limited to the western Mediterranean area and was dragged to the eastern Mediterranean area in historical times. In Germany, it has been introduced from a location in Baden-Württemberg ( Weissach , Baden-Württemberg). It also occurs on the Cape Verde Islands, the Canary Islands and Madeira, also introduced anthropogenically. There are now colonies in California in the San Francisco Bay area.
In contrast to most other heather snails, the hairy heather snail prefers shady, densely vegetated locations under stones and fallen tree trunks, on trees and in crevices. They can be quite numerous in suitable locations. The animals occasionally camouflage their housings.
Taxonomy
In 1801 the taxon was first described as Helix conspurcata by Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud . It is the type species of the genus Xerotricha Monterosato, 1892, which is now generally recognized as an independent genus.
The Fauna Europaea lists the following synonyms : Helix draparnaudia Moquin-Tandon, 1855, Helix euaxes Westerlund, 1893, Helicopsis conspurcata gradata Aguilar-Amat, 1933, Helix mori cola Paladilhe, 1875, Helix quisquiliae Paulucci, 1882, Helix sardiniensis Porro, 1838, Helix aetnaea Benoit, 1857 and Helicella mariae Gasull, 1974.
Danger
The species is not rated as a neozoon in Germany.
supporting documents
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 322/3)
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , (p. 208)
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 250)
On-line
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 575)
- ↑ Karl-Heinz Beckmann, Hajo Kobialka: The mask snail Isognomostoma isognomostomos - Mollusc of the year 2007 with notes: “Why do snails have hair?”. Club Conchylia Informations, 38 (3/4): 42-46, Hackenheim 2007 PDF (p. 45, picture of the hairy heather on which the hairs can be clearly seen)
- ^ Anette Rosenbauer: Occurrence of southern European snail species in stonemasonry. Announcements of the German Malacozoological Society, 85: 27-34, Frankfurt a. M., 2011 PDF ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Klaus Groh: Bibliography of the land and freshwater molluscs of the Cape Verde Islands, with a historical synopsis of malacological exploration in the archipelago and an annotated check-list. Zoologia Caboverdiana, 3 (1): 37-51, 2012 PDF
- ↑ Snails in Gran Canaria
- ↑ Henrik W. Waldén: Systematic and biogeographical studies of the terrestrial gastropods of Madeira. With an annotated check-list. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 20 (4): 255-275, 1983.
- ^ David Gwyn Robinson: Alien terrestrial gastropods of concern for the Pacific Northwest. Conferences Paper, October 2003. PDF
- ^ Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud: Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Pp. 1–116, Montpellier & Paris, Renaud; Bossange, Masson & Besson, 1801. Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library (p. 93)
- ↑ a b Fauna Europaea: Xerotricha conspurcata (Draparnaud 1801)
- ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 264)
