Haines Junction
| Haines Junction | |||
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 At the entrance to Haines Junction |
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| Location in Yukon | |||
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| State : |
 Canada
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| Territory : | Yukon | ||
| Coordinates : | 60 ° 45 ′ N , 137 ° 31 ′ W | ||
| Area : | 34.49 km² | ||
| Residents : | 613 (as of 2016) | ||
| Population density : | 17.8 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Time zone : | Pacific Time ( UTC − 8 ) | ||
| Postal code : | Y0B 1L0 | ||
| Area code : | +1 867 | ||
Haines Junction , in the language of the local Indian Dakwakada , is a place in the Yukon Territory of Canada and is one of only eight official parishes in the territory. The community has the legal status of a village ( English Village ). It is the central location for the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations . About 240 of the members of this First Nation live in the village.
The village is located in the southwest of the Yukon, at the junction of the Alaska Highway and Haines Highway , which gave the place its name and is the starting point for visitors to Kluane National Park .
The climate here is cold- temperate ( Dsc according to the Köppen and Geiger climate classification ).
history
Various groups from the Southern Tutchone had fishing grounds and summer camps around Haines Junction. They called the area Dakwakada , which means "high camp". This has to do with the fact that the Tutchone built wooden granaries on stands to store food supplies. Today's Dakwada Building is a reminder of that.
At the same time, the Tutchone controlled the trade up to the three passports that allowed access to the Pacific coast. This was especially true of the nearby Chilkoot Pass , which played a central role in the trade with the Tlingit , more precisely the Chilkat and Chilkoot, who controlled the passes, until the Klondike Gold Rush . In the area around what would later become Haines Junction, groups met on the way from Klukshu and Kloo Lake to Hutchi , Champagne and Mendenhall .
With the gold rush, living conditions changed fundamentally and the population collapsed, as was the case with the Tlingit in 1862 . Smallpox initially played an important role, later measles and other diseases to which the Indians showed almost no resistance.
When gold was discovered at Kluane Lake in 1904, the Kluane Wagon Road was created, a route that roughly followed the Dezadeash River and the traditional trade routes of Champagne and Aishihik. In the 1930s this route no longer served gold prospectors, but was used by a post line, the Whitehorse Kluane Stage Line, which George Chambers ran.
The Champagne and Aishihik First Nations have lived in the Haines Junction area since the 1960s, the former being named after Champagne on the Dezadeash River , the latter after Aishihik on the upper reaches of the Alsek River . They were relocated here from Champagne Landing and Aishihik. With around 800 recognized and more than 300 unrecognized tribesmen, they are one of the largest First Nations in the Yukon.
Today's Haines Junction was built in 1942 at the junction to Haines Road with the construction of the Alaska Highway and initially served as a base for the United States Army Corps of Engineers for the up to 20,000 soldiers and workers employed in road construction. From 1943, the Haines Highway was built, often along old trade routes, which connected the Alaska Highway with the Alaskan Haines via the Chilkat Pass . When the Alaska Highway was built, this road was used as a basis.
With the withdrawal of the Americans in 1946, the Canadian military took over the site and the construction camp, and the route was maintained from here. The Alaska Highway was slightly relocated, the old route now known as the Marshall Creek Road. Some of the remaining construction workers brought their families to join them and more new residents followed. In 1956 a building was built for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which was the first time Canadian police were stationed.
The Kluane Game Sanctuary was set up to protect the wild population from the numerous hunters who came with the road workers , from which the 22,015 km² Kluane National Park emerged in 1972 (pronunciation: Klu-ah-nii, derived from Lu 'An Mün, a Tutchone word that means “lake with many fish”). The park administration was located in Haines Junction, making the place the most important access point to the national park. A visitor center with a museum was also built in 1980. The Champagne and Aishihik First Nations have co-managed the park since 1995, which also applies to the Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park to the south . Some of them are going back to their traditional hunting and fishing activities in order to secure their livelihood, which was forbidden to them for around half a century.
In 1998, after the tribal office on Marshall Creek Road had become too small, the CAFN Administrative Building, the administrative building of the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations, was built.
Demographics
The last official census , the 2016 Census , showed a population of 613 inhabitants for the settlement, after the 2011 census only showed a population of 593 inhabitants for the municipality. The population increased by 3.4% compared to the last census in 2011 and developed significantly less than the average for the territory, with a population increase of 5.8%. In the census period from 2006 to 2011, the number of inhabitants in the municipality only increased slightly by 0.7%, while the average for the territory increased by 11.6%.
At the 2016 census, the average age of the residents was 40.0 years and thus above the territory's average of 39.1 years. The median age of the residents was determined to be 41.2 years. The median age of all residents of the territory was 39.5 years in 2016. For the 2011 census, a median age of 41.6 years was determined for the inhabitants of the municipality, and 39.1 years for the inhabitants of the territory.
religion
The Anglican Sunday School Caravan operated on the Alaska Highway until it was replaced by its own church. Eva Hasell donated the land and Reverend Watson and Peter Tizya, a lay servant from Old Crow, built the house in 1956. In 1987 a new building was built.
The competitors in the Yukon, the Catholic missionaries of the Oblate Order, such as Father Morisset, came e.g. T. with the US Army. Morisset and father Van Rouej built the Catholic Church Our Lady of the Way in 1955. They also took over the remains of an Air Force building. Haines Junction became the headquarters of the North Alaska Highway missions in 1983.
traffic
In addition to the connection to the two highways, the airfield located about 3 kilometers south of the community ( IATA airport code : YHT, ICAO code : CYHT, Transport Canada Identifier: -) connects the residents with the rest of the country. The airfield, like many of the airfields in northern Canada, only has a gravel runway of 1,525 meters in length.
Web links
- Haines Junction website
- Champagne and Aishihik First Nations
- Kluane National Park and Reserve. Cultural Heritage
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Haines Junction Community Profile. Census 2016. In: Statistics Canada . August 9, 2019, accessed September 20, 2019 .
- ^ Haines Junction Community Profile. Census 2011. In: Statistics Canada . May 31, 2016, accessed September 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Canadian Airports Charts. (PDF; 76.9 MB) NAV CANADA , accessed on September 20, 2019 (English).