Han Wendi

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Han Wendi (Chin. 漢 文帝, Hàn Wéndì; * 202 BC ; † 157 BC ) was an emperor of the Han dynasty .

prince

Wen was born as Prince Liu Heng (劉恒) and 5th son of Emperor Gaozu (高祖) and the concubine Bo (concubine) . After an uprising in Dai , he was killed in 196 BC. Prince of the same. It is not certain whether he has ever been to Dai, the capital of which is Jinyang, now Taiyuan in Shanxi Province , but Liu Ruyi was probably there. 181 BC The empress mother Lü Zhi , who was the actual mistress of the country, offered him the principality of Zhao , but he refused, whereupon her nephew Lü Lu received it. He also took part in military actions against the Xiongnu during this time .

Emperor

As Lü Zhi 180 BC Some officials started a revolt against the Lü clan, which resulted in Emperor Houshao being deposed and murdered. The now eldest grandson of Gaozu, Liu Xiang, Lord of Qi , did not please them as a possible emperor because he also had powerful relatives. Liu Heng did not own this and so he became Emperor Wen in the same year. He made sure that the successive chancellors, Zhou Bo , Chen Ping and Guan Ying , became instruments of bureaucracy rather than independent politicians. 179 BC A law was passed that allowed relatives of criminals to be arrested. Furthermore, orphans, widowers and widows, seniors without children were given loans and tax breaks. Over 80-year-olds were provided with a certain amount of rice , wine , meat , cloth and cotton per month. Peace was made with the king of Nan-Yue , Zhao Tuo. After some hesitation (he was planning to let his uncle Liu Jiao become emperor), the emperor raised his son Liu Qi , who was now Empress Dou (Wen) , to crown prince. 178 BC He demanded that his officials criticize him and make recommendations for positions in their ranks. He was influenced by Jia Yi , who became a teacher for princes.

176 BC Zhou Bo was accused of treason, arrested without investigation and only saved through the appeal of Princess Changping. In the following year, despite Jia Yi's objections, he passed a law that allowed anyone to mint coins. This benefited primarily Liu Pu , Prince von Wu and the official Deng Zange , with whom the emperor may have had a homosexual relationship. This is supported by the fact that this was promoted without any recognizable talent, as well as information from certain officials. 174 BC There was a conflict with the only living brother of the emperor and lord of Huainan , Liu Chang , who repeatedly aroused his displeasure by holding ceremonies reserved for the emperor and the like. carried out. In spite of everything, the emperor was very attached to him. In order for him to change, the emperor's uncle, Bo Zhao , wrote him a letter. However, he felt offended and planned a riot. He was discovered and Liu Chang banished. He probably committed suicide. 170 BC BC Bo Zhao killed an imperial courier and was forced to commit suicide.

169 BC Chr. Chao Cuo , who made suggestions on how to behave towards the Xiongnu, became an official and member of the Crown Prince's household, whose first advisor he later became. 168 BC At the suggestion of Chaos, people who gave food to help in the fight against the Xiongnu were given amnesty or were rewarded with titles of nobility. 167 BC The punishments of maiming the face, cutting off the nose and the foot were replaced by lashes. As it turned out, there were more deaths than before. From approx. 165 BC The emperor fell into superstition. The alleged magician Xinyuan Ping , who correctly predicted a change in the solar trajectory in the coming year, wanted a restructuring of the system of government. However, he was convicted of fraud. 158 BC The Xiongnu invaded today's Shaanxi . The emperor visited his troops and became aware of the military talent of Zhou Bo's son Zhou Yafu , who was to become an important military leader. The emperor, who also improved the state examination system and promoted Confucianism , died in the summer of 157 BC. At the instruction of his son and successor Han Jingdi , the period of mourning was shortened and his father's childless concubines were not buried with him.

children

Sons :

Daughters :

  • Changping
  • Liu Piao, also Guantao

literature

predecessor Office successor
Liu Hong Emperor of China
180–157 BC Chr. 		Han Jingdi
personal data
SURNAME Han Wendi
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 漢 文帝 (Chinese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION chinese emperor
DATE OF BIRTH 202 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 157 BC Chr.