Nan-Yue

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Statue of Zhao Tuo, Heyuan

The Nan-Yue , also: Nanyue , Nam-Viet , Nam Việt ( Chinese  南越 , also: 南粵  /  南粤 , Nányuè , Jyutping Naam 4 jyut 6 ) were an important subgroup of the " Hundred Yue tribes " ( 百越 族 , also : 百 粵 族  /  百 粤 族 , Bǎiyuè Zú , Jyutping Baak 3 jyut 6 Zuk 6 ), whereby the word “Yue” was a collective term used by Chinese chroniclers for a non-Chinese cultural community in what is now southern China . The settlement area of ​​the Nan-Yue were the present-day provinces of Guangdong , Guangxi and Vietnam . In Fukien , the Min-Yue ( 閩越  /  闽越 , Mǐnyuè , especially on the Min ) were their neighbors.

Nan-Yue
South Asia 200 BC Chr.

When the northern Chinese Zhao Tuo ( 趙佗  /  赵佗 , Zhào Tuó , Chao T'o , * approx. 230 BC / † 137 BC, viet. Triệu Đà) around 203 BC. Rose to become king of the Nan-Yue , an independent kingdom also emerged under the name Nan-Yue or Nam-Viet / Nam-Việt . The most important neighboring kingdoms were Min-Yue ( 閩越  /  闽越 , Mǐnyuè , recognized by China since 202 BC) and Changsha ( 長沙  /  长沙 - practically part of Han China ) in the northeast and north.

The commanders Zhao Tuo and Tu Zhu were 219 BC. By the Qin Emperor Shihuangdi (ruled 247–210 BC) successfully against the "Hundred Yue Tribes" . With the fall of the Qin Dynasty formed Zhao Tuo its headquarters through alliances with local, non-Chinese clan leaders to a kingdom to and closed two neighboring commandants on. The capital became Panyu ( 番禺 , Pānyú ), today a district in the south of Guǎngzhōu . Finally he was born in 196 BC. Recognized by the founder of the Hàn dynasty Liú Bāng (ruled 206-195 BC), as the Hàn empire did not yet have the power to enforce all claims taken over by the Qin.

Nevertheless, it soon came to military conflict with China: Zhao Tuo took the title of Emperor (Nan Wudi) and threatened the neighboring kingdom of Changsha , while Han Gaozu widow Lu Zhi the († 180/79 BC..) Nanyue ists Imposed trade restrictions on metal goods and livestock, and persecuted Zhao Tuo's family (originally from Zhending, northern China ). The conflict only came to a comparison after the death of Empress Lü Zhi: Zhao Tuo gave up the imperial title and returned to the nominal vassalage .

Two generations later, the king's widow Kau ( , Jiū , Jyutping Gau 1 , also: Kau 1 ) - a Chinese woman - was affiliated with the Hàn Empire as regent for her underage son. It became 112 BC. Murdered by their opponents at court, so that it came to war with China. Emperor Wu (ruled 141–87 BC) sent generals Lu Bode and Yang Pu on the river route (cf. Magic Canal ) to Panyu and Guangzhou, respectively . In 111 BC BC Nan-Yue was conquered by Wu's troops and incorporated into the Chinese Empire as Jiaozhi Prefecture ( 交趾 郡 , Jiāozhǐ Jùn , viet. Giaochỉ Quận).

The current name Viet Nam ( 越南 , Yuènán , viet. Việt Nam) as the reversal of the two syllables Nam Viet ( 南越 , Nányuè , viet. Nam Việt) was based on this name, when in 1802 the Gia Long emperor, the founder of the Nguyễn dynasty asked the Chinese Jiāqìng emperor for permission to rename his country from Dai-Viet ( 大 越 , Dàyuè , viet. Đại Việt) to Nam-Viet ( 南越 , Nányuè , viet. Nam Việt). However, he rearranged the two syllables to Việt Nam ( 越南 ) to avoid confusion with the old Kingdom of Nam Việt / Kingdom of Nan-Yue 南越 國  /  南越 国 , also: 南粵 國  /  南粤 国 , Nányuè Guó under Triệu Đà ( 趙佗  /  赵佗 , Zhào Tuó ), this empire encompassed a part of what later became southern China.

The tomb of the second Nan Yue king, Zhao Mo , was found in Guangzhou in 1983.

Kings

Personal name Posthumous name Reign
Chinese Pinyin Jyutping Vietnamese Chinese Pinyin Jyutping Vietnamese
趙佗 / 赵佗 Zhào Tuó Ziu 6 to 4 Triệu Đà 武王 Wǔ Wáng Mou 5 Wong 4 Vũ Vương 203-137 BC Chr.
趙 眜 / 赵 眜 Zhào Mò Zīu 6 Mūd 6 Triệu Mạt 文王 Wén Wáng Man 4 Wong 4 Văn Vương 137 - 122 BC Chr.
趙 嬰 齊 / 赵 婴 齐 Zhào Yīngqí Ziu 6 Jing 1 Cai 4 Triệu Anh Tề 明王 Míng Wáng Ming 4 Wong 4 Minh Vương 122-115 BC Chr.
趙興 / 赵兴 Zhào Xīng Ziu 6 Hing 1 Triệu Hưng 哀王 Āi Wáng Oi 1 Wong 4 Ai Vương 115-112 BC Chr.
趙建德 / 赵建德 Zhào Jiàndé Ziu 6 Gin 3 Dak 1 Triệu Kiến Đức 陽 王 Yáng Wáng Joeng 4 Wong 4 Dương Vương 112-111 BC Chr.

literature

Web links

Commons : Nanyue  - album with pictures, videos and audio files