Hannas

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Strasbourg Cathedral, stained glass (14th century)

Hanna (also Anna ) was Jewish High Priest ., Between the years 6 and about 15 n. Chr than the Roman Emperor Augustus ruled. The name of Annas is mentioned in the Gospel of John in connection with the circumstances of the trial against Jesus.

The information about Anna's term of office is taken from Flavius ​​Josephus ' Antiquitates Judaicae , where he is called "Ananus, son of Seth". According to Josephus, Annas was deposed by the governor Valerius Gratus .

The identity of the high priest in the Gospels

According to the Gospel of John (18.13 EU ) Annas was the father-in-law of Kajaphas , who, according to Flavius ​​Josephus, was high priest around AD 18–37. The Gospels of Luke and John state that Annas was high priest in the time of Jesus ( Lk 3.2  EU ) and in the time of the Passion ( John 18.24  EU ). In Lk 3,2 Annas is named together with Kajaphas. The reason for this is that Annas was deposed by the Roman rulers, but the Jews continued to regard him as their rightful high priest. Historians assume that these Gospels originally only contained the name Annas and that the historically correct statement that the high priest was Caiaphas is a subsequent addition to the Gospel of Matthew , which is the only gospel to only mention Caiaphas as high priest.

The Gospel of Mark does not contain the name of the high priest. Some exegetes and historians have seen this omission as a kind of "protective anonymity", since the high priest was probably still in office at the time from which the tradition used by Mark comes from. Others have assumed that this tradition did not know the name of the then high priest and that the 3rd and 4th evangelists confused the name of Annas with that of Ananus II , who had James, Jesus' brother, executed in this office.

The interrogation of Jesus

According to Joh 18,12-24 EU, Annas  heard Jesus on the same night of his arrest and asked him about his teaching and his disciples. According to Lk 22: 66-71  EU , the interrogation takes place in the morning in front of the entire sanctuary and has the messiahship of Jesus as its subject . Historians mostly assume that regardless of whether one or both reports are historical, the interrogation should prepare the indictment of Jesus before the Roman governor Pilate . Some authors consider the account of John's Gospel to be historical. However, the interrogation was conducted by Kajaphas, the then incumbent high priest, and not by Annas.

Succession

Annas' five sons and his son-in-law:

  • Eleazar ben Hannas (16-17)
  • Josef Kajaphas (18–36), son-in-law of Hannas.
  • Jonathan ben Hannas (36–37 and 44)
  • Theophilus ben Hannas (37–41)
  • Matthias ben Hanan (43)
  • Annas the Younger (63)

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Ant. XVIII 26.33f (English translation by Perseus Pr.)
  2. Ant. XVIII 35 . 95  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Eng. practice with Perseus Pr.)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.perseus.tufts.edu  
  3. a b c P. Winter, On the Trial of Jesus , pp. 31-43 and the literature cited there.
  4. So G. Theißen: The historical Jesus , p. 392f. Quoted there: Rudolf Pesch: Das Markusevangelium (= HthK II / 2). Freiburg, 1977.
  5. Flavius ​​Josephus, Ant. XX 200 (eng. Ex. With Perseus Pr.)
  6. G. Theißen: The historical Jesus , p. 395.