Very loud
Aspirate is in linguistics the name for the voiceless glottal fricative ( fricative ) [ h ] , which in words like / hal / ( Hall ) or / has / ( hate group) in initial position. In German it can only be used as a syllable. The term breath sound is not very common and therefore does not appear in all specialist linguistic dictionaries; in Glück (1993) it is listed, but only as a reference.
Status of the [ h ]
Status of the [ h ] is not easy to determine: After Wängler he is a "unlokalisierbarer Öffnungskonsonant" since the airflow can flow almost unimpeded in its articulation; Hakkarainen regards the place of articulation as "irrelevant" as well as the participation in the vote. Krech and other state a "weak friction sound (breath sound)", an adaptation to the following vowel and represent also notes that [ h ] voiceless normally, but can also be voiced between vowels.
Role in Greek
A special role is played aspirates in ancient Greek : Everyone in the initial sound of an ancient Greek word standing vowel or diphthong receives as touch sign a possible two alcohol :
- the spiritus asper (rough breath), which corresponds to the German and Latin "h": ἱστορία historía , Ἑλλάς Hellás , ἥρως hérōs , Αἵμων Haimōn .
- the spiritus lenis (gentle breath) in the absence of the “h” initials: ἀγορά agorá , Ἔρως Erōs , Ὀδυσσεύς Odysseús . Whether instead in Ancient Greek, a glottal stop [ ʔ ] as discussed in today's German is unclear.
literature
- Otto von Essen: General and applied phonetics . 5th, revised and expanded edition. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1979, page 116: "Opening consonant: h".
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexikon Sprach. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 1993. ISBN 3-476-00937-8
- ^ Hans-Heinrich Wängler: Outline of a Phonetik des Deutschen with a general introduction to phonetics , 4th, revised edition, Elwert Verlag, Marburg 1983, ISBN 3-7708-0753-7 , page 159
- ↑ Heikki J. Hakkarainen: Phonetik des Deutschen. Fink, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-8252-1835-X , page 80.
- ↑ Eva-Maria Krech, Eberhard Stock, Ursula Hirschfeld, Lutz Christian Anders: German pronunciation dictionary. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-018203-3 , page 88.