House Avis
The House of Aviz ( port. Aviz [ ɐviʃ ]) was the second Portuguese royal dynasty and ruled Portugal from 1383 to 1580. The name comes from the place Avis back seat of the Equestrian Order of Avis , the Grand Master of the dynasty founder John I ( port. : D.João I. ) was. In contrast to its predecessors, the dynasty was occasionally referred to as the "fake Burgundian dynasty".
Succession dispute 1383
1383 died out with King Ferdinand I, the dynasty of the Portuguese Burgundian rulers in the direct male line (these were a branch of the dukes of Burgundy from the French royal house of the Capetians ). Since the king had no son, Portugal would fall to Castile through his heir, Beatrix , who was married to King John I of Castile . In the revolution of 1383 , the country revolted against annexation to Castile. Johann von Avis , an illegitimate son of King Peter I († 1367) and thus a half-brother of Ferdinand I, led the uprising. In April 1385 he was finally raised as King John I by the Portuguese Cortes and was able to secure his rule after he had been able to inflict a decisive defeat on Castile in the Battle of Aljubarrota in August 1385.
Reign
The dynasty founded by John I ruled Portugal until 1580. The golden age of the country fell under their rule, when Portugal developed into one of the most important and powerful states on earth and also flourished culturally (especially during the reign of Emanuel I. (Manuel I.) , cf. also Emanuelstil ). Cardinal Heinrich, the last ruler of the Avis family, died in 1580 without an heir. It is true that António von Crato , a illegitimate descendant of the house, first tried to reach for royal dignity. However, he failed and could not prevent the Portuguese throne from falling to the Spanish Habsburgs for some time . It was not until 1640 that Portugal had its own kings again with the Braganza family , which was also traced back to Johann von Avis in an illegitimate line .
Individual evidence
- ^ Fritz Regel : Regional Studies of the Iberian Peninsula , page 151. Göschen Collection, Leipzig 1905