Hautdasseln

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Hautdasseln
Ox Warble-fly.png

Hautdasseln ( Hypoderminae )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Subclass : Flying insects (Pterygota)
Superordinate : New winged wing (Neoptera)
Order : Fly (Diptera)
Family : Botflies (Oestridae)
Subfamily : Hautdasseln
Scientific name
Hypoderminae
Rondani , 1857
species

The skin dasseln (Hypoderminae) represent a subfamily of the dobflies (Oestridae) within the two-winged flies ( Diptera). Like the other representatives of the dobflies, the larvae of the animals live parasitically and mainly infest ungulates . Two particularly important species can be found in Central Europe, the great beef bass fly ( Hypoderma bovis ) and the small beef bass fly ( Hypoderma lineatum ).

features

The adult flies are medium-sized and mostly furry hair. The wings are very well developed and the animals are good fliers.

Development cycle

The mated females fly to their hosts like the nasal tassels after the larvae have developed completely. Once there, the eggs are stuck to the hair of the limbs and abdomen. For this purpose the female flies have a telescopic laying stinger. The characteristic humming sound of the big cattle dasselfly causes tucks in cattle . The animals flee from the flat in a panic and do not pay attention to fences, ditches or other obstacles, as a result of which they often suffer severe breaks and other injuries.

After the larvae hatch, the larvae bury themselves into the host animal's tissue and migrate into the fatty tissue of the breast and lumbar vertebrae. The larvae of the small bovine bass fly are introduced into the esophagus by licking, where they stay for up to seven months and only later migrate to their final place of settlement, the subcutaneous tissue of the back. There they drill a breathing hole ( stigma ) and then molt to the third larval stage . During the infection, the maggots often wander long distances through the host's connective tissue and increase significantly in size (in the case of the large cattle bass fly from 0.5 millimeters to 17 millimeters and an 8,000-fold increase in volume). After that, the larvae leave their host and pupate in the ground.

Harmful effect

See also main article hypodermosis

The host specificity of the skin daisy is sometimes very pronounced, a strong infestation leads to paralysis, bleeding, edema and damage to the spinal cord; in the small beef daisy fly, a complete occlusion of the esophagus occurs rarely. They reduce the price of the leather, as holes appear in the back after tanning (exit points for the larvae). The great beef bassinet can attack zebu , water buffalo , horse and sheep , but domestic cattle are preferred . Humans are only rarely a host of the Hautdasseln ( occasional host ), the larva cannot develop fully and leaves the infected area without shedding its skin. Dermatobia hominis specifically affects humans, but occurs only in South America.

Other genera / species

infested gray squirrel

In addition to the skin dassel, which mainly infects ungulates, there is a second group of skin dassel, which specializes in rodents . However, the way of life of these animals is essentially the same as that of the species described above, but the larvae usually remain in a same lump under the skin.

swell

  • Dönges J (1988): Parasitology. With special consideration of human pathogenic forms. Thieme Stuttgart
  • H. Mehlhorn and G. Piekarski: Outline of parasite science. Heidelberg, 6th edition 2002.

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