Darter
| Darter | ||||||||||||
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Great darter ( Sympetrum striolatum ), ♂ |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sympetrum | ||||||||||||
| Newman , 1833 |
Darter fish ( Sympetrum ) are a genus of the dragonfly subfamily Sympetrinae , which belongs to the sail dragonflies (Libellulidae). The scientific generic name was given by Newman in 1833 . Darter fish are found practically worldwide with the exception of Australasia .
features
Darter are comparatively small dragonflies and usually measure less than 4 cm and are mainly red in color. The general delimitation of characteristics of the genus is considered insufficient. In particular, it does not include synapomorphies .
Habitat and manner
The preferred habitat of darter fish is characterized by slowly flowing or stagnant water. There they usually sit on reeds or other plants.
Reproduction
Almost without exception, eggs are laid in flight in tandem , with the male leading the coupled female to the appropriate place. When laying eggs, the female taps the surface of the water with the tip of her abdomen, scraping off one or more eggs at a time. Eggs can be laid near the bank or in deeper water. Algae floodplains or flooding aquatic vegetation are also used as an egg-laying location. The laid eggs hibernate and only hatch in the following spring. Some species, for example Sympetrum flaveolum and Sympetrum sanguineum , therefore lay their eggs in dry depressions some distance away from the water, which may or may not be flooded in spring, with which the hatch of the first larval stage ( prolva ) is only possible.
Systematics
Due to the inadequate definition of characteristics of the genus, there are repeated discussions about the delimitation of the genus. Among other things, it is controversial whether the genus Nesogonia should be part of the darter and whether some species should be split off into the genus Tarnetrum . Also phylogenetic studies were unable to resolve satisfactorily this point yet. Accordingly, the following 63 species belong to the genus of the darter:
- Sympetrum ambiguum
- Sympetrum anomalum
- Sympetrum arenicolor
- Sympetrum baccha
- Sympetrum chaconi
- Sympetrum commixtum
- Sympetrum cordulegaster
- Sympetrum corruptum
- Sympetrum costiferum
- Sympetrum croceolum
- Sympetrum daliensis
- Sympetrum danae ( black darter )
- Sympetrum darwinianum
- Sympetrum depressiusculum ( swamp darter )
- Sympetrum dilatatum ( St. Helena darter ) †
- Sympetrum durum
- Sympetrum eroticum
- Sympetrum evanescens
- Sympetrum flaveolum ( spotted darter )
- Sympetrum fonscolombii ( early darter )
- Sympetrum frequens
- Sympetrum gilvum
- Sympetrum gracile
- Sympetrum haritonovi
- Sympetrum himalayanum
- Sympetrum hypomelas
- Sympetrum illotum
- Sympetrum imitans
- Sympetrum infuscatum
- Sympetrum internum
- Sympetrum kunckeli
- Sympetrum maculatum
- Sympetrum madidum
- Sympetrum meridionale ( southern darter )
- Sympetrum nantouensis
- Sympetrum nigrifemur ( Madeira darter )
- Sympetrum nigrocreatum
- Sympetrum nomurai
- Sympetrum obtrusum
- Sympetrum onsupyongensis
- Sympetrum orientale
- Sympetrum pallipes
- Sympetrum paramo
- Sympetrum parvulum
- Sympetrum pedemontanum ( banded darter )
- Sympetrum pochonboensis
- Sympetrum risi
- Sympetrum roraimae
- Sympetrum rubicundulum
- Sympetrum ruptum
- Sympetrum sanguineum ( blood-red darter )
- Sympetrum semicinctum
- Sympetrum signiferum
- Sympetrum sinaiticum ( Pale Darter )
- Sympetrum speciosum
- Sympetrum striolatum ( great darter )
- Sympetrum tibiale
- Sympetrum uniform
- Sympetrum verum
- Sympetrum vicinum
- Sympetrum villosum
- Sympetrum vulgatum ( common darter )
- Sympetrum xiaoi
credentials
- ^ Henrik Steinmann - World Catalog of Odonata (Volume II Anisoptera) [p. 467], de Gruyter, 1997, ISBN 3-11-014934-6
- ↑ a b Jill Silsby: Dragonflies of the World. The National History Museum, 2001, ISBN 0-565-09165-4 , pp. 168f
- ↑ a b c Erik M. Pilgrim, Carol D. von Dohlen: Phylogeny of the dragonfly genus Sympetrum (Odonata: Libellulidae) . In: Organisms Diversity & Evolution . tape 11 , no. 3 , March 30, 2012, p. 281-295 , doi : 10.1007 / s13127-012-0081-7 .
- ^ Martin Schorr, Dennis Paulson: World List of Odonata - Libellulidae. In: World List of Odonata (2014). Retrieved December 30, 2014 .
