Heller (Czechoslovakia)
The Heller of Czechoslovakia and its successor states was part of the crown. The designations Heller and Krone go back historically to the gold currency of Austria-Hungary , which was in effect before 1918 in what would later become Czechoslovakia . The last Heller coin in circulation was the 50 Heller coin of the Slovak Republic , which lost its validity on January 1st, 2009.
The Czechoslovak crown , later also the Czech and Slovak crown ( koruna ), was divided into 100 hellers. The original names in Czech were haléř (or halíř ), plural haléře or haléřů ; in Slovak halier , plural haliere or halierov . The abbreviation was h. or in Slovakia also hal .
Czechoslovakia
In the territory of the liberated Czechoslovakia (i.e. 1945) - parallel to the new coins - the coins of the Protectorate or the Slovak state were valid for a while, the 10 heller coin of Slovakia for the longest (until the end of 1951). Since the founding of Czechoslovakia (1918) there have been lighter coins to the value of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 25 and 50 heller in various graphic designs and made from a variety of metal alloys, which were issued in the following periods:
- ČSR (1918–1939): 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 Heller
- ČSR (1945–1953): 20, 50 hellers
- ČSR (1953–1960): 1, 3, 5, 10, 25 Heller
- ČSSR (1960–1989): 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 Heller
- ČSFR (1990–1992): 1 Heller (issue for collectors), 5 Heller (issue for collectors), 10, 20, 50 Heller
The smallest Hellermünze after the Second World War was the 10 Heller coin, only after the currency reform of 1953 the small values of 1, 2, 3 and 5 Heller were issued. The coins were initially only intended as a temporary measure, but were not replaced by new models until the 1960s, and especially the 1970s.
The coins of the series of the 1950s and 60s (partly also from the 70s) were designed in the Soviet Union (the author is unknown) and partly minted in Leningrad ; A special feature is the issuance of a 3-Heller coin, which was based on the 3-kopeck coin of the Soviet Union (there was also a 3-kroner banknote and a coin corresponding to the 3-ruble banknote).
The also unusual face value of 25 Heller owes its long existence to the fact that this coin was used in public telephone machines.
The coins issued after 1945 lost their validity with the currency reform of June 1, 1953. The coins minted later lost their validity in several stages:
- 1972: 25 hellers
- 1975: 3 hellers
- 1993 (by decree of the Czech Republic): 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 hellers
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 1939–1945
During the German occupation, only three Heller coins were minted in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , with a value of 10, 20 and 50 Heller. Their motifs and graphic design were based on corresponding coins from Czechoslovakia. The minting took place in the years 1940-1944, the coins were all made of zinc.
These coins only lost their validity after the establishment of Czechoslovakia.
Slovak State 1939-1945
After the establishment of the Slovak state , the following coins were issued:
- 1939 and 1942: 10 Heller, brass alloy
- 1940 and 1942: 20 hellers, brass
- 1940 and 1941: 50 Heller, copper-nickel
- 1942: 5 Heller, zinc
- 1942 and 1943: 20 Heller, aluminum
- 1943 and 1944: 50 Heller, aluminum
These coins only lost their validity after the establishment of Czechoslovakia.
Czech Republic (from 1993)
After the division of Czechoslovakia, the then still valid coins of Czechoslovakia (in values of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 Heller) were valid in the new Czech Republic from January 1, 1993. After the new coins were minted, they were taken out of circulation in 1993.
The new coins were issued from 1993 onwards, with values of 10, 20 and 50 Heller, all made of aluminum (with a small amount of manganese). The validity of the 10 Heller and 20 Heller coins ended in 2003, that of the 50 Heller coin in 2008.
However, because the prices were still given with Heller values, it was also regulated how the total sums must be rounded. The replacement was justified with the loss of functionality and with the uneconomical production of the small Hellermünzen.
Slovak Republic (from 1993)
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After the division of Czechoslovakia, from January 1, 1993, the then still valid coins of Czechoslovakia (in values of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 Heller) were valid in Slovakia .
The minting of own coins began in 1993 with the issue of coins with a value of 10, 20 and 50 Heller (made of aluminum with a small amount of manganese). In 1996 a steel-based 50 heller coin was issued which was used in parallel with the 1993 coin.
The coins with the face values of 10 and 20 Heller became invalid in 2003, the two 50 Heller coins lost their validity with the transition to the euro currency on January 1, 2009.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c www.richtera.cz/numismatics/Československá republika (1945–1953) (Czech), with images, accessed on September 11, 2009
- ↑ a b c www.richtera.cz/numismatics/Slovenský stát (1939–1945) (Czech), with images, accessed on September 11, 2009
- ↑ www.richtera.cz/numismatics/Čechy - Bohemia (Czech), with images, accessed on September 11, 2009
- ↑ a b www.richtera.cz/numismatics/Československá republika (1953–1960) (Czech), with images, accessed on September 11, 2009
- ↑ a b c History českých desetníků a dvacetníků, news portal idnes.cz , online at: imgs.idnes.cz/
- ↑ www.richtera.cz/numismatics/Böhmen und Moravia (1939–1945) (Czech), with illustrations, accessed on September 11, 2009
- ↑ www.richtera.cz/numismatics/Česká republika (od roku 1993) (Czech), with images, accessed on September 11, 2009
- ↑ Press release of the ČNB (Czech National Bank) ( memento of July 10, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) of August 2, 2007 (Czech), accessed on September 12, 2009
- ↑ www.nbs.sk / Obehové mince Overview of the NBS (National Bank of Slovakia) on Slovak coins (Slovak), accessed September 12, 2009