Autumn Lorchel
| Autumn Lorchel | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autumn Lorchel ( Helvella crispa ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Helvella crispa | ||||||||||||
| ( Scop .: Fr. ) Fr. |
The Herbst-Lorchel or Krause Lorchel ( Helvella crispa , syn. H. pithyophila ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the Lorchel relatives .
features
Macroscopic features
The up to 3 cm wide, often frizzy-lobed and very brittle head part is colored white-yellow, grayish or pale brown. The hat flaps are covered on the outside by the spore-producing fruit layer. The 2-15 (–25) cm high, deeply furrowed and longitudinally ribbed stem has a tough consistency and a white color. It is bulbous at the bottom and tapers towards the tip. The inside of the stem is criss-crossed with irregular and elongated cavities. Young specimens have a pleasant smell and taste, while old ones have a strongly sweetish smell. The spore powder is white.
Microscopic features
The spores are hyaline , elliptical, smooth and have a large oil droplet. They measure 16-20 × 10-12 microns. They mature in cylindrical tubes approx. 240-290 × 15-18 µm in size . The sterile sap hairs in the fruit layer are thread-shaped, slightly clubbed at the tip and have transverse walls .
Species delimitation
The milky white Lorchel ( Helvella lactea ), which is habitually and color-identical but smaller, can hardly be distinguished from the Herbst-Lorchel under the microscope. In addition, the Herbst-Lorchel with its thin structure, the lobed head part and the furrowed stem is very similar to the closely related Pit Lorchel . The headboard, however, has a gray-black color, apart from albino shapes. In addition, the sterile surfaces facing away from the fruit layer are smooth, while those of the Autumn Lorchel have a fine, downy coat. This is caused by hair-like elongated cells. Lorelels are sometimes confused with different types of morel - but the latter have a more or less honeycomb-like structured headboard.
ecology
The Herbst-Lorchel can be found on roadsides and roads from July to November. It likes humus, moist areas with leaves and can grow in the undergrowth of forests as well as in ditches or along the edges of the forest on meadows. It grows in the mountains and in the lowlands, but prefers deciduous forests in the middle. She can often be found in association with Becherlingen and mostly appears in large groups. The soil is neutral to chalky.
distribution
In Europe it is widespread, in the north it is said to be absent from the 62nd parallel .
In Switzerland it occurs very frequently north of the Alps, i.e. in the lowlands from Lake Geneva to Lake Constance. It has only been found sporadically in the Alpine region itself and on the southern side of the Alps. On the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) it was listed in 2009 under “ Least Concern” .
meaning
There is no clear opinion among mushroom connoisseurs about the use of the Herbst-Lorchel as an edible mushroom . Some advise against its consumption, so particularly sensitive people should avoid this fungus. Others recommend using the fruit bodies only after they have been boiled or dried. It is essential to ensure that you do not collect any old specimens, because even mushrooms that are perfectly clean on the outside are often already spoiled under the headboard. Attention should also be paid to various small animals in the cavities.
swell
literature
- Rose Marie Dähncke: 200 mushrooms . 180 mushrooms for the kitchen and its poisonous doppelgangers. 5th edition. Aargauer Tagblatt, 1982, ISBN 978-3-85502-145-1 , p. 248 .
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-405-14737-2 (639 pages; one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
