Gentleman
The term master race was Friedrich Nietzsche , who had a higher type of man touted as representative of a new aristocratic master morality, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries great for fashion keyword education circles.
Nietzsche reception
In his essay Beyond Good and Evil , Nietzsche characterizes the representative of men's morality as follows:
“The noble type of person feels as value-determining, they do not need to be approved, they judge 'what is harmful to me is harmful in itself', they know themselves as that which gives honor to things in the first place, they is value-creating. She honors everything that she knows about herself: such morality is self-glorification. The focus is on the feeling of abundance, the power that wants to overflow, the happiness of the high tension, the awareness of a wealth that wants to give and give away - even the noble person helps the unhappy, but not or almost not out of pity, but more from an urge generated by the abundance of power. The noble person honors the mighty in himself, also the one who has power over himself, who knows how to speak and how to remain silent, who exercises severity and severity towards himself with pleasure and who has reverence above all severity and severity. "
Nietzsche contrasts the “good” people with the “bad” people (the plain, simple people) whom the man despised by master morality because he is “contemptible”. In his interpretation, Nietzsche takes the term “ aristocracy ” (= “rule of the best”) literally by rating those in power who have no qualms about using their power ruthlessly as “good”.
In his work on the genealogy of morality , Nietzsche uses the term “ master race ”: “I used the word state : it goes without saying who is meant by this - some pack of blond predators, a conqueror and master race , which , organized in a warlike manner and with the strength to organize, safely puts its terrible paws on a population that is perhaps enormously superior in number, but still shapeless, still wandering. ” Gerd Schank proves that Nietzsche is “ very strong ” with the word“ race ” thinks of something class-specific: social strata , classes , ranks , or at least that 'races' are primarily seen through their social function. ”In this sense, the“ Arya ”would also be referred to as“ the powerful ”, as“ Gentlemen "introduced. However, the term “master man” does not appear once in Nietzsche's work.
Christological designation
The name kyriakos anthrōpos and its Latin equivalent homo dominicus can be found in the Christology of the father's time , for example in Athanasius and Pseudo-Athanasius . This designation is derived from Phil 2:11 (the exaltation of the man Jesus into the glory of Kyrios). The opposition to this idea is represented by the view of Jesus as a mere human being ( psilos anthrōpos ) , which is represented in Judaism .
The terms “master” and “rule” as social and political categories
A gentleman is in the original meaning a person who because of their social position (their official authority ) and because of personality traits (their personal authority) is able to grant other binding directives. The role of the subordinate is complementary to the master role, i.e. H. of the slave , the servant , the servant (cf. the master-servant dialectic in Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ) or the subject .
In this sense, the term man is a synonym for the term lord . Friedrich Nietzsche specifies the meaning of the term using the example of figures from antiquity (e.g. Gaius Iulius Caesar ) and the Renaissance (e.g. Cesare Borgia ). In this sense, Oswald Spengler speaks of the "Renaissance ideal of the free gentleman" in 1932. The strong orientation to “role models” in the past distinguishes the master man from the term superman used by Nietzsche , which refers to a future “to be bred ” human being.
Volker Reinhard describes the effect of Jacob Burckhardt's image of the Renaissance on people of the fin de siècle like Friedrich Nietzsche with the following words: “That in Italy of the 15th and 16th centuries bold gentlemen went to the shackles of traditional morality and des To shed the faith ordained by the church and to realize oneself unrestrained and nefarious in a secularized world - this image of human self-liberation hit the nerve of the fin de siècle with all its instinctual inhibitions, conventions and bureaucratic obstacles. Writers and philosophers became intoxicated with this counter-image and dreamed of a renaissance of the renaissance. The most important of them was Friedrich Nietzsche. "
The development of the terms “master man” and “master race” into biological categories
Under National Socialism , the master man represented the counterpart to the sub-human , whose alleged inferiority was culturally, biologically and metaphysically justified.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Otto Ladendorf-Historisches Keywordbuch
- ↑ Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil . 1886, aphorism 260
- ^ Friedrich Nietzsche: On the genealogy of morality . 1887, aphorism 17
- ↑ Gerd Schank: "Race" and "Breeding" in Nietzsche . New York, de Gruyter, 2000, p. 57.
- ↑ Alois Grillmeier, Kyriakos Anthropos. A study on a christological term for the time of the father , in: Traditio 33, 1977, 1-63.
- ↑ Alois Grillmeier, Jesus Christ, the kyriakos anthropos : TS 38 (1977) 275-293. ( online )
- ^ Oswald Spengler: Political writings . 1932, p. 26.
- ↑ Volker Reinhard: The history of Switzerland. From the beginning until today . CH Beck, 2011, p. 397f. ISBN 978-3-40662206-9 .