Domination and bondage
Domination and servitude is a central motif in the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , which in the same chapter of his spirit phenomenology is deployed from the 1807th
content
In the first part of the chapter, Hegel presents the dialectical movement of self-consciousness. Both moments of self-consciousness find themselves in and for themselves through recognition of the other. Self-confidence and subjectivity are developed as already genuinely intersubjective.
In the second part of the chapter this process is presented as a relationship between master and servant that emerges from the struggle for life and death.
Hegel regards the dialectic of master and servant as a source of self-confidence , of identity . The elements of self-confidence are developed as “being-for-yourself” (master) and “being-for-others” (servant). The Lord derives his self-confidence from the fact of being recognized; for risking his life. He does not work. But the servant works for the master. Over time, he no longer draws his self-confidence from the fact of being and working for someone else, but rather through his work he comes to mastery over nature .
Hegel makes it clear that master and servitude are interdependent. The servant is indeed a servant by virtue of his forced submission, but the status of the master depends on the servant's recognition of his rule. In this asymmetrical relationship of recognition, Hegel critically developed Fichte's symmetrical recognition philosophy and thus became the influential forerunner of Karl Marx 's critical social philosophy and later of the Frankfurt School .
Influences
Hegel was also determined in his views by the developments and reports about the Haitian Revolution in the magazine Minerva .
Friedrich von Schiller transferred only one chapter from Denis Diderot's Jacques the Fatalist and his master , Jacques le fataliste et son maître (written between 1765 and 1784), which appeared in German in 1785. Then in 1792 the first complete translation was published by Wilhelm Christhelf Sigmund Mylius . The final German version of Diderot's work was thus available before the original French version appeared. It was only published in 1796 by Buisson in Paris under the title Jacques le fataliste et son maître .
In Germany, Hegel commented on the work in his Phenomenology of Spirit in connection with domination and servitude. Hegel sees in it a process of work and the struggle for recognition , a history of the dialectic of domination and servitude, which leads to a synthesis of domination and servitude.
reception
From Karl Marx to Georg Lukács to today's interpreters, the rule-and-bondage chapter is interpreted as a social working relationship between different people who struggle for mutual recognition.
The text has shaped post-structuralism , as Jacques Derrida , Jacques Lacan , and Georges Bataille studied this key text of Hegel in the seminar of Alexandre Kojève and made it a kind of founding text of modern French philosophy.
Hegel's dialectic of master and servant gave impulses to psychology , anthropology and sociology and opened up the topic of power in social relationships. For Axel Honneth it is about the fight for recognition (book title).
The philosopher Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer rejects the social-theoretical interpretation as a struggle for recognition. Instead, he assumes that the real theme of Hegel's master-servant chapter is the relationship of a person's self to himself; he reads it as Hegel's criticism of the Socratic-Platonic-Christian metaphor of the soul or reason as the ruler of the body.
text
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Phenomenology of the Spirit Theory Work Edition, Vol. 3. Ed. By E. Moldenhauer and KM Michel, Frankfurt / M .: Suhrkamp (today as stw603, ISBN 3-518-28203-4 ), Chapter: B. IV.A. - Online version of the text in Project Gutenberg Chapters 21 and 22 .
literature
- Werner Becker : Idealistic and materialistic dialectics. The relationship between domination and servitude in Hegel and Marx . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1970, 2nd edition 1972
- Hans Heinz Holz : Unity and Contradiction. Problem history of dialectics in modern times. III The elaboration of the dialectic. Stuttgart, Weimar: Verlag JB Metzler 1997.
- Axel Honneth : Fight for recognition. Frankfurt / M. 1992 (new edition 2003), ISBN 3-518-06748-6 .
- Alexandre Kojève : Introduction à la lecture de Hegel . Paris (Gallimard) 1947. German partial translation: Hegel, Ein Ververstellung seine Denkens, Iring Fetscher (Ed.), Frankfurt am Main (Suhrkamp) 1975 [Stuttgart, 1958].
- Hanno Kesting : domination and bondage. , Freiburg 1973
- Georg Lukács : The young Hegel and the problems of capitalist society. Berlin, Weimar 1986.
- Ludwig Siep : Recognition as a principle of practical philosophy. Investigations into Hegel's Jena philosophy of mind . Investigations into Hegel's Jena philosophy of mind. Freiburg / Munich (Alber) 1979.
- Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer : Philosophy of self-confidence. Hegel's system as a form analysis of knowledge and autonomy . Suhrkamp (stw 1749), Frankfurt / M. 2005, ISBN 3-518-29349-4 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: B. Self-confidence. IV. The truth of the certainty of oneself. A. Independence and lack of independence of self-consciousness; Domination and bondage . in: Phenomenology of Spirit Theory Edition, Vol. 3. Suhrkamp p. 145
- ↑ Otto Pöggeler, Dietmar Köhler (ed.): GWF Hegel: Phenomenology of Spirit. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-05-004234-6 , p. 32
- ^ Hans Robert Jauss: The Dialogical and the Dialectical Neveu De Rameau: How Diderot Adopted Socrates and Hegel Adopted Diderot. Center for Hermeneutical Studies, 1984, ISBN 0-8924-2045-6
- ↑ Denis Diderot: Jacques le Fataliste et son maître. Lecture series: European novels. literaturwissenschaft-online.de ( Memento from November 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer: Philosophy of Self-Consciousness. P. 414f